Add missing foreign key indexes

src/dstack/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/fleets.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     InstanceModel,
     JobModel,
     PlacementGroupModel,
+    ProjectModel,
     RunModel,
 )
 from dstack._internal.server.services import events
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ async def _refetch_locked_fleet_for_processing(
             FleetModel.id == item.id,
             FleetModel.lock_token == item.lock_token,
         )
-        .options(joinedload(FleetModel.project))
+        .options(joinedload(FleetModel.project).joinedload(ProjectModel.owner))
         .options(
             selectinload(FleetModel.instances.and_(InstanceModel.deleted == False))
             .joinedload(InstanceModel.jobs)

src/dstack/_internal/server/migrations/versions/2026/08_11_0940_a1c3f5e7b209_add_missing_fk_indexes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""Add missing foreign key indexes
+
+Revision ID: a1c3f5e7b209
+Revises: ecc9e8a0bfac
+Create Date: 2026-08-11 09:40:00.000000+00:00
+
+"""
+
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "a1c3f5e7b209"
+down_revision = "ecc9e8a0bfac"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+INDEXES = [
+    ("ix_jobs_instance_id", "jobs", "instance_id"),
+    ("ix_backends_project_id", "backends", "project_id"),
+    ("ix_members_project_id", "members", "project_id"),
+    ("ix_instances_compute_group_id", "instances", "compute_group_id"),
+    ("ix_runs_fleet_id", "runs", "fleet_id"),
+]
+
+
+def _drop_indexes() -> None:
+    for index_name, table_name, _ in INDEXES:
+        op.drop_index(
+            index_name,
+            table_name=table_name,
+            if_exists=True,
+            postgresql_concurrently=True,
+        )
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    with op.get_context().autocommit_block():
+        _drop_indexes()
+        for index_name, table_name, column_name in INDEXES:
+            op.create_index(
+                index_name,
+                table_name,
+                [column_name],
+                unique=False,
+                postgresql_concurrently=True,
+            )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    with op.get_context().autocommit_block():
+        _drop_indexes()

src/dstack/_internal/server/models.py

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class ProjectModel(BaseModel):
     """
 
     owner_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
-    owner: Mapped[UserModel] = relationship(lazy="joined")
+    owner: Mapped[UserModel] = relationship()
     members: Mapped[List["MemberModel"]] = relationship(
         back_populates="project", order_by="MemberModel.member_num"
     )
@@ -296,7 +296,9 @@ class MemberModel(BaseModel):
     id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
         UUIDType(binary=False), primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4
     )
-    project_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("projects.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    project_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        ForeignKey("projects.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), index=True
+    )
     project: Mapped["ProjectModel"] = relationship()
     user_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
     user: Mapped[UserModel] = relationship(lazy="joined")
@@ -311,7 +313,9 @@ class BackendModel(BaseModel):
     id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
         UUIDType(binary=False), primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4
     )
-    project_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("projects.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    project_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        ForeignKey("projects.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), index=True
+    )
     project: Mapped["ProjectModel"] = relationship()
     type: Mapped[BackendType] = mapped_column(EnumAsString(BackendType, 100))
 
@@ -418,7 +422,7 @@ class RunModel(PipelineModelMixin, BaseModel):
     repo_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("repos.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
     repo: Mapped["RepoModel"] = relationship()
 
-    fleet_id: Mapped[Optional[uuid.UUID]] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("fleets.id"))
+    fleet_id: Mapped[Optional[uuid.UUID]] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("fleets.id"), index=True)
     """`fleet_id` keeps runs attached to fleets so the fleets cannot be deleted while they are used.
     A fleet can have no busy instances but still be used by a run, for example a service with
     zero replicas.
@@ -564,7 +568,7 @@ class JobModel(PipelineModelMixin, BaseModel):
     If `instance_assigned` is `True` and `instance` is `None`, no instance was assigned.
     """
     instance_id: Mapped[Optional[uuid.UUID]] = mapped_column(
-        ForeignKey("instances.id", ondelete="CASCADE")
+        ForeignKey("instances.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), index=True
     )
     instance: Mapped[Optional["InstanceModel"]] = relationship(back_populates="jobs")
     used_instance_id: Mapped[Optional[uuid.UUID]] = mapped_column(UUIDType(binary=False))
@@ -853,7 +857,9 @@ class InstanceModel(PipelineModelMixin, BaseModel):
     )
     """`fleet` can be `None` only for legacy instances created before fleets."""
 
-    compute_group_id: Mapped[Optional[uuid.UUID]] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("compute_groups.id"))
+    compute_group_id: Mapped[Optional[uuid.UUID]] = mapped_column(
+        ForeignKey("compute_groups.id"), index=True
+    )
     compute_group: Mapped[Optional["ComputeGroupModel"]] = relationship(back_populates="instances")
 
     status: Mapped[InstanceStatus] = mapped_column(EnumAsString(InstanceStatus, 100), index=True)

src/dstack/_internal/server/services/events.py

@@ -405,7 +405,6 @@ async def list_events(
                 joinedload(EventModel.targets)
                 .joinedload(EventTargetModel.entity_project)
                 .load_only(ProjectModel.name, ProjectModel.original_name, ProjectModel.deleted)
-                .noload(ProjectModel.owner)
             ),
             joinedload(EventModel.actor_user).load_only(
                 UserModel.name, UserModel.original_name, UserModel.deleted

src/dstack/_internal/server/services/fleets.py

@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ async def list_projects_with_no_active_fleets(
             active_fleet_alias.id.is_(None),
         )
         .order_by(ProjectModel.created_at)
+        .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.owner))
     )
 
     res = await session.execute(query)

src/dstack/_internal/server/services/projects.py

@@ -147,7 +147,12 @@ async def list_user_accessible_projects(
     if return_total_count:
         res = await session.execute(stmt.with_only_columns(safunc.count(literal_column("1"))))
         total_count = res.scalar_one()
-    res = await session.execute(stmt.where(*pagination_filters).order_by(*order_by).limit(limit))
+    res = await session.execute(
+        stmt.where(*pagination_filters)
+        .order_by(*order_by)
+        .limit(limit)
+        .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.owner))
+    )
     project_models = res.unique().scalars().all()
     projects = [
         project_model_to_project(p, include_backends=False, include_members=False)
@@ -516,25 +521,6 @@ async def list_member_project_models(
     return list(res.scalars().unique().all())
 
 
-async def list_public_non_member_project_models(
-    session: AsyncSession,
-    user: UserModel,
-) -> List[ProjectModel]:
-    """
-    List public project models where user is NOT a member.
-    """
-    res = await session.execute(
-        select(ProjectModel).where(
-            ProjectModel.deleted == False,
-            ProjectModel.is_public == True,
-            ProjectModel.id.notin_(
-                select(MemberModel.project_id).where(MemberModel.user_id == user.id)
-            ),
-        )
-    )
-    return list(res.scalars().all())
-
-
 async def list_user_owned_project_models(
     session: AsyncSession, user: UserModel, include_deleted: bool = False
 ) -> List[ProjectModel]:
@@ -580,6 +566,7 @@ async def get_project_model_by_name(
     res = await session.execute(
         select(ProjectModel)
         .where(*filters)
+        .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.owner))
         .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.backends))
         .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.members))
     )
@@ -596,22 +583,7 @@ async def get_project_model_by_name_or_error(
             ProjectModel.name == project_name,
             ProjectModel.deleted == False,
         )
-        .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.backends))
-        .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.members))
-    )
-    return res.unique().scalar_one()
-
-
-async def get_project_model_by_id_or_error(
-    session: AsyncSession,
-    project_id: uuid.UUID,
-) -> ProjectModel:
-    res = await session.execute(
-        select(ProjectModel)
-        .where(
-            ProjectModel.id == project_id,
-            ProjectModel.deleted == False,
-        )
+        .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.owner))
         .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.backends))
         .options(joinedload(ProjectModel.members))
     )

src/dstack/_internal/server/services/prometheus/custom_metrics.py

@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@
 from prometheus_client.samples import Sample
 from sqlalchemy import func, select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
-from sqlalchemy.orm import aliased, joinedload
+from sqlalchemy.orm import aliased, joinedload, load_only
 
 from dstack._internal.core.models.instances import InstanceStatus
 from dstack._internal.core.models.runs import JobStatus, RunStatus
 from dstack._internal.server.models import (
+    FleetModel,
     InstanceModel,
     JobMetricsPoint,
     JobModel,
@@ -55,8 +56,15 @@ async def get_instance_metrics(session: AsyncSession) -> Iterable[Metric]:
         )
         .order_by(ProjectModel.name, InstanceModel.name)
         .options(
-            joinedload(InstanceModel.project),
-            joinedload(InstanceModel.fleet),
+            load_only(
+                InstanceModel.name,
+                InstanceModel.created_at,
+                InstanceModel.price,
+                InstanceModel.backend,
+                InstanceModel.offer,
+            ),
+            joinedload(InstanceModel.project).load_only(ProjectModel.name),
+            joinedload(InstanceModel.fleet).load_only(FleetModel.name),
         )
     )
     instances = res.unique().scalars().all()