fix(analyzers): skip RCS1265 for catch clauses with a filter

[josefpihrt]

Summary

• RCS1265 no longer reports on catch when clauses that only re-throw, since the filter expression still runs
• Added test covering catch when (Check()) { throw; }

Fixes #1754

Test plan

• dotnet test src/Tests/Analyzers.Tests/Analyzers.Tests.csproj --filter FullyQualifiedName~RCS1265RemoveRedundantCatchBlockTests

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