Unify exceptions for out of bounds conditions in core functions

[psfinaki]

We have 3 different behaviors currently:
X.skip throws InvalidArgOutOfRange when count > n
X.take throws InvalidOperation when count > n
X.sample throws InvalidArg when count > n

We should unify this, updating the code along with RFCs probably.

Originally posted by @Lanayx in #17277 (comment)

[vzarytovskii]

All those will be breaking changes, fwiw.

[psfinaki]

Yeah that's clear, don't expect this to be easy-breezy 🤷

[T-Gro]

Agree, should be InvalidArgOutOfRange for all 3 APIs.

[dotnet-policy-service]

Refer to the .NET SDK breaking change guidelines