Fix TryReadPlpBytes throws ArgumentException

[Wraith2]

fixes #3463
fixes #3385

In the reproduction shared in #3463 multiple reads of text fields are ddone in sequence with different lengths until a particular scenario occurs. The situation that causes the error is that a multi-packet text read completes on the third packet of an async operation and the lengths of the text sections in the packets align such that the third packet completes one text read followed by the another text read from the same packet but for a different column.
This hard to reach set of circumstances causes the read logic to see a text read starting in a ContinueReplay state when another read has finished on the same packet and the error is caused by the first completed read leaving behind the data packet byte count used when it completed.

The fix is much easier than trying to replicate and understand the error. We simply need to clean up the data lengths and buffer when we successfully read a value. I've added this logic to the place where the bug was found and precautionarily to the other place in the codebase that does similar logic (one for bytes, one for chars).

Creating a test and runs quickly enough to be reliable in the CI is prohibitively difficult. I haven't been able to go anything that needs fewer than 1600 iterations of large text reads. In this case I feel that the fix is obvious enough that existing coverage may be enough.

This also removes the asserts pointed out as problematic in #3385 i've reviewed them and they're no longer applicable, they were too stringent for the more relaxed buffer handing used when moving from replay to continue states.

@dotnet/sqlclientdevteam can I get a CI run please

/cc @frankbuckley

[cheenamalhotra]

/azp run

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 52.17391% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 58.78%. Comparing base (8eb9f32) to head (5c73ac7).
Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../netcore/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/TdsParser.cs	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...nt/netfx/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/TdsParser.cs	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...c/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/TdsParserStateObject.cs	92.30%	1 Missing ⚠️

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HEAD has 1 upload less than BASE

Flag	BASE (8eb9f32)	HEAD (5c73ac7)
addons	1	0

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3470       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   68.86%   58.78%   -10.08%     
===========================================
  Files         280      270       -10     
  Lines       62417    61877      -540     
===========================================
- Hits        42982    36373     -6609     
- Misses      19435    25504     +6069     

Flag	Coverage Δ
addons	?
netcore	61.51% <66.66%> (-11.24%)	⬇️
netfx	62.35% <66.66%> (-5.69%)	⬇️

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[paulmedynski]

A couple of minor comments.

[paulmedynski]

/azp run

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