feat(hash): add per-field expiration support

[dashjay]

this pr want to close the origin issue: apache#2269

With reading all codes in this pr:

• feat(hash): add support of hash expiration commands apache/kvrocks#2717
• feat(hash): Support hash field expiration apache/kvrocks#2402
• feat(hash): add per-field expiration support (HEXPIRE, HTTL, HPERSIST) apache/kvrocks#3269

I came up with a way that differ from these three pr, I did learn alot from 3269 which encode the expire time into value.
But the compatibility is limited. The comment I said here: apache#3269 (comment) told that:

if the user's value was happended to be set to [0xFF][0xFE][1-byte flags][8-byte timestamp if flag set]..... before update, will this key be treat as expired at once ?

I have read all these PRs, and find the key problem of this new feature...

some time/space complexity will become O(N) from O(1)
how is the value encoded the expired time
underlying GC expired key will be cost.
...

So the key problem of add support of hash expiration commands for kvrocks is: Let some(every) key in hash carry a TTL while keeping the read/write hot-path still O(1) and keep all function as origin, correct and fast.

Sorry I can't agree that cmd "hlen" or any other redis command is not correct at any time, kvrocks should be 100% compactable with redis. I can just agree that if one command like "hrangebylex" is origin not exists in redis, that we can modify it's API(better not).

Following is the content of the proposal and trade off things：

INTODUCE

redis command need to be implemented

• HEXPIRE – set TTL for a field (in seconds) Redis HEXPIRE | Docs
• HPEXPIRE – set TTL for a field (in milliseconds) Redis HPEXPIRE | Docs
• HEXPIREAT – set expiration timestamp for a field (in seconds) Redis HEXPIREAT | Docs
• HPEXPIREAT – set expiration timestamp for a field (in milliseconds) Redis HPEXPIREAT | Docs
• HTTL – get remaining TTL for a field (in seconds) Redis HTTL | Docs
• HPTTL – get remaining TTL for a field (in milliseconds) Redis HPTTL | Docs
• HEXPIRETIME – get expiration timestamp for a field (in seconds) Redis HEXPIRETIME | Docs
• HPEXPIRETIME – get expiration timestamp for a field (in milliseconds) Redis HPEXPIRETIME | Docs
• HSETEX set field and the ttl for field together Redis HSETEX | Docs

Old commands (need compatibility)

• hget: return not found when expired
• hincrby: hincrby from 0 when expired
• hincrbyfloat: hincrbyfloat from 0 when expired
• hset: how the expire time work ?
• hsetexpire: expire the entire hash
• hsetnx: ""
• hdel: return 0 if expired
• hstrlen: check expired
• hexists: check expired
• hlen: big problem, size should minus expired key count
• hmget: check expired
• hmset: ""
• hkeys: filtered the expired keys
• hvals: filtered the expired values
• hgetall: filterd the expired key-value pair
• hscan: a lot expired key will exhaust the CPU
• hrangebylex: ""
• hrandfield: a lot expired key will exhaust the CPU

Where to store the timestamp ？

implements	pros	cons
all timestamp metadata stored in metadata_cf including the expire time of every field	backward compatibility	cost too much when update (write amp)
encoded the expire time in every value	less cost	compatibility problem
encoded the expire time in the key	less cost	compatibility problem
store the expire time in another encoded key	less cost	good compatibility

there must be an count N which make different implements has better performance, a lot trade-off work need to be done.

If I take store the expire time in another encoded key the origin command will be effect as following:

all read operation will execute twice

rocksdb:get -> rocksdb:get * 2 p99 from 25us -> 50us maybe

following command will be affected:

• hget, hmget, hkeys, hvals, hgetall, hscan, hrangebylex, hrandfield

and how the key encoded is a problem, I came up with to ways:

• just store them in another cf (this will bring one more cf for only a small function)
• just use metadata.version + magic_number for storing the ttls... ( I think this will be better)

HLen problem

ok the final problem is this:

the cmd "hlen" which is origin O(1) but now need to be O(N)

I came up with two ways to solve this problem:

• metadata.size is still the element count, hlen take O(N) to calculate alive key count
• provide a new command "hlenrelax" provide not redis-compatable hlen, and provide not accurate count which fixed by compaction_filter