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...nt/en/reference/components-reference/supported-state-stores/setup-clickhouse.md
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--- | ||
type: docs | ||
title: "ClickHouse" | ||
linkTitle: "ClickHouse" | ||
description: Detailed information on the ClickHouse state store component | ||
aliases: | ||
- "/operations/components/setup-state-store/supported-state-stores/setup-clickhouse/" | ||
--- | ||
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## Component format | ||
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To setup ClickHouse state store create a component of type `state.clickhouse`. See [this guide]({{< ref "howto-get-save-state.md#step-1-setup-a-state-store" >}}) on how to create and apply a state store configuration. | ||
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```yaml | ||
apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1 | ||
kind: Component | ||
metadata: | ||
name: <NAME> | ||
spec: | ||
type: state.clickhouse | ||
version: v1 | ||
metadata: | ||
- name: clickhouseURL | ||
value: <CONNECTION_URL> | ||
- name: databaseName | ||
value: <DATABASE_NAME> | ||
- name: tableName | ||
value: <TABLE_NAME> | ||
- name: username # Optional | ||
value: <USERNAME> | ||
- name: password # Optional | ||
value: <PASSWORD> | ||
``` | ||
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{{% alert title="Warning" color="warning" %}} | ||
The above example uses secrets as plain strings. It is recommended to use a secret store for the secrets as described [here]({{< ref component-secrets.md >}}). | ||
{{% /alert %}} | ||
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## Spec metadata fields | ||
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| Field | Required | Details | Example | | ||
|--------------------|:--------:|---------|---------| | ||
| clickhouseURL | Y | Connection URL for the ClickHouse server | `"clickhouse://localhost:9000"`, `"clickhouse://clickhouse-server:9000"` | | ||
| databaseName | Y | Name of the database to use | `"dapr_state"`, `"my_database"` | | ||
| tableName | Y | Name of the table to store state data | `"state_table"`, `"dapr_state_store"` | | ||
| username | N | Username for ClickHouse authentication. Can be `secretKeyRef` to use a secret reference | `"default"`, `"my_user"` | | ||
| password | N | Password for ClickHouse authentication. Can be `secretKeyRef` to use a secret reference | `"my_password"` | | ||
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## Setup ClickHouse | ||
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Dapr can use any ClickHouse instance: containerized, running on your local dev machine, or a managed cloud service. | ||
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{{< tabs "Self-Hosted" "Kubernetes" "Cloud" >}} | ||
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{{% codetab %}} | ||
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1. Run an instance of ClickHouse. You can run a local instance of ClickHouse in Docker with the following command: | ||
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```bash | ||
docker run -d --name clickhouse-server \ | ||
-p 8123:8123 -p 9000:9000 \ | ||
-e CLICKHOUSE_DEFAULT_ACCESS_MANAGEMENT=1 \ | ||
-e CLICKHOUSE_PASSWORD=my_password \ | ||
clickhouse/clickhouse-server | ||
``` | ||
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2. Create a database for state data (optional, as Dapr will create it automatically): | ||
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```sql | ||
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS dapr_state; | ||
``` | ||
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{{% /codetab %}} | ||
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{{% codetab %}} | ||
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You can use [Helm](https://helm.sh/) to quickly create a ClickHouse instance in your Kubernetes cluster. This approach requires [Installing Helm](https://github.com/helm/helm#install). | ||
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1. Add the ClickHouse Helm repository: | ||
```bash | ||
helm repo add clickhouse https://docs.altinity.com/clickhouse-operator/ | ||
helm repo update | ||
``` | ||
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2. Install ClickHouse into your cluster: | ||
```bash | ||
helm install clickhouse clickhouse/clickhouse | ||
``` | ||
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3. Run `kubectl get pods` to see the ClickHouse containers now running in your cluster. | ||
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4. Add the ClickHouse service endpoint as the `clickhouseURL` in your component configuration. For example: | ||
```yaml | ||
metadata: | ||
- name: clickhouseURL | ||
value: "clickhouse://clickhouse:9000" | ||
``` | ||
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{{% /codetab %}} | ||
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{{% codetab %}} | ||
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ClickHouse is available as a managed service from various cloud providers: | ||
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- [ClickHouse Cloud](https://clickhouse.com/cloud) | ||
- [Altinity.Cloud](https://altinity.com/cloud-database/) | ||
- [Yandex Managed Service for ClickHouse](https://cloud.yandex.com/services/managed-clickhouse) | ||
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When using a managed service, ensure you have the correct connection URL, database name, and credentials configured in your component metadata. | ||
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{{% /codetab %}} | ||
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{{< /tabs >}} | ||
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## Features | ||
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The ClickHouse state store supports the following features: | ||
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### ETags | ||
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The ClickHouse state store supports [ETags]({{< ref state-management-overview.md >}}) for optimistic concurrency control. ETags are automatically generated and updated when state data is modified. | ||
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### TTL (Time-To-Live) | ||
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This state store supports [Time-To-Live (TTL)]({{< ref state-store-ttl.md >}}) for records stored with Dapr. When storing data using Dapr, you can set the `ttlInSeconds` metadata property to indicate after how many seconds the data should be considered "expired". | ||
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Example of setting TTL: | ||
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```json | ||
{ | ||
"key": "my-key", | ||
"value": "my-value", | ||
"metadata": { | ||
"ttlInSeconds": "3600" | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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Records with expired TTLs are automatically filtered out during read operations and are eligible for cleanup by ClickHouse's background processes. | ||
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## Advanced | ||
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### Table Schema | ||
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The ClickHouse state store creates a table with the following schema: | ||
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```sql | ||
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <database>.<table> ( | ||
key String, | ||
value String, | ||
etag String, | ||
expire DateTime64(3) NULL, | ||
PRIMARY KEY(key) | ||
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree() | ||
ORDER BY key | ||
``` | ||
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The table uses ClickHouse's `ReplacingMergeTree` engine, which automatically deduplicates rows with the same primary key during background merges. | ||
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### Connection URL Format | ||
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The ClickHouse connection URL follows the standard format: | ||
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``` | ||
clickhouse://[username[:password]@]host[:port][/database][?param1=value1&...¶mN=valueN] | ||
``` | ||
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Examples: | ||
- `clickhouse://localhost:9000` | ||
- `clickhouse://user:password@clickhouse-server:9000/my_db` | ||
- `clickhouse://localhost:9000?dial_timeout=10s&max_execution_time=60` | ||
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### Performance Considerations | ||
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- The ClickHouse state store is optimized for high-throughput scenarios | ||
- For better performance with large datasets, consider partitioning your table by date or other relevant columns | ||
- The `ReplacingMergeTree` engine provides eventual consistency for duplicate key handling | ||
- Background merges in ClickHouse will automatically clean up old versions of updated records | ||
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### Bulk Operations | ||
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The ClickHouse state store supports bulk operations for improved performance: | ||
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- `BulkGet`: Retrieve multiple keys in a single operation | ||
- `BulkSet`: Store multiple key-value pairs in a single operation | ||
- `BulkDelete`: Delete multiple keys in a single operation | ||
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## Related links | ||
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- [Basic schema for a Dapr component]({{< ref component-schema >}}) | ||
- Read [this guide]({{< ref "howto-get-save-state.md#step-2-save-and-retrieve-a-single-state" >}}) for instructions on configuring state store components | ||
- [State management building block]({{< ref state-management >}}) | ||
- [ClickHouse Official Documentation](https://clickhouse.com/docs) |
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