BUG: Properly handle encoding/decoding scales and offsets (#821)

rioxarray/_io.py

@@ -957,8 +957,12 @@ def _handle_encoding(
             variables.pop_to(
                 result.attrs, result.encoding, "scale_factor", name=da_name
             )
+        if "scales" in result.attrs:
+            variables.pop_to(result.attrs, result.encoding, "scales", name=da_name)
         if "add_offset" in result.attrs:
             variables.pop_to(result.attrs, result.encoding, "add_offset", name=da_name)
+        if "offsets" in result.attrs:
+            variables.pop_to(result.attrs, result.encoding, "offsets", name=da_name)
     if masked:
         if "_FillValue" in result.attrs:
             variables.pop_to(result.attrs, result.encoding, "_FillValue", name=da_name)

rioxarray/merge.py

@@ -42,12 +42,16 @@ def __init__(self, xds: DataArray):
             "crs": self.crs,
             "nodata": self.nodatavals[0],
         }
-        self._scale_factor = self._xds.encoding.get("scale_factor", 1.0)
-        self._add_offset = self._xds.encoding.get("add_offset", 0.0)
+        valid_scale_factor = self._xds.encoding.get("scale_factor", 1) != 1 or any(
+            scale != 1 for scale in self._xds.encoding.get("scales", (1,))
+        )
+        valid_offset = self._xds.encoding.get("add_offset", 0.0) != 0 or any(
+            offset != 0 for offset in self._xds.encoding.get("offsets", (0,))
+        )
         self._mask_and_scale = (
             self._xds.rio.encoded_nodata is not None
-            or self._scale_factor != 1
-            or self._add_offset != 0
+            or valid_scale_factor
+            or valid_offset
             or self._xds.encoding.get("_Unsigned") is not None
         )
 
@@ -70,10 +74,9 @@ def read(self, *args, **kwargs) -> numpy.ma.MaskedArray:
                     kwargs["masked"] = True
                 out = dataset.read(*args, **kwargs)
                 if self._mask_and_scale:
-                    if self._scale_factor != 1:
-                        out = out * self._scale_factor
-                    if self._add_offset != 0:
-                        out = out + self._add_offset
+                    out = out.astype(self._xds.dtype)
+                    for iii in range(self.count):
+                        out[iii] = out[iii] * dataset.scales[iii] + dataset.offsets[iii]
                 return out
 
 

rioxarray/raster_dataset.py

@@ -509,35 +509,58 @@ def to_raster(
             is True. Otherwise None is returned.
 
         """
+        # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
         variable_dim = f"band_{uuid4()}"
         data_array = self._obj.to_array(dim=variable_dim)
         # ensure raster metadata preserved
-        scales = []
-        offsets = []
-        nodatavals = []
+        attr_scales = []
+        attr_offsets = []
+        attr_nodatavals = []
+        encoded_scales = []
+        encoded_offsets = []
+        encoded_nodatavals = []
         band_tags = []
         long_name = []
         for data_var in data_array[variable_dim].values:
-            scales.append(self._obj[data_var].attrs.get("scale_factor", 1.0))
-            offsets.append(self._obj[data_var].attrs.get("add_offset", 0.0))
+            try:
+                encoded_scales.append(self._obj[data_var].encoding["scale_factor"])
+            except KeyError:
+                attr_scales.append(self._obj[data_var].attrs.get("scale_factor", 1.0))
+            try:
+                encoded_offsets.append(self._obj[data_var].encoding["add_offset"])
+            except KeyError:
+                attr_offsets.append(self._obj[data_var].attrs.get("add_offset", 0.0))
             long_name.append(self._obj[data_var].attrs.get("long_name", data_var))
-            nodatavals.append(self._obj[data_var].rio.nodata)
+            if self._obj[data_var].rio.encoded_nodata is not None:
+                encoded_nodatavals.append(self._obj[data_var].rio.encoded_nodata)
+            else:
+                attr_nodatavals.append(self._obj[data_var].rio.nodata)
             band_tags.append(self._obj[data_var].attrs.copy())
-        data_array.attrs["scales"] = scales
-        data_array.attrs["offsets"] = offsets
+        if encoded_scales:
+            data_array.encoding["scales"] = encoded_scales
+        else:
+            data_array.attrs["scales"] = attr_scales
+        if encoded_offsets:
+            data_array.encoding["offsets"] = encoded_offsets
+        else:
+            data_array.attrs["offsets"] = attr_offsets
         data_array.attrs["band_tags"] = band_tags
         data_array.attrs["long_name"] = long_name
 
+        use_encoded_nodatavals = bool(encoded_nodatavals)
+        nodatavals = encoded_nodatavals if use_encoded_nodatavals else attr_nodatavals
         nodata = nodatavals[0]
         if (
             all(nodataval == nodata for nodataval in nodatavals)
             or numpy.isnan(nodatavals).all()
         ):
-            data_array.rio.write_nodata(nodata, inplace=True)
+            data_array.rio.write_nodata(
+                nodata, inplace=True, encoded=use_encoded_nodatavals
+            )
         else:
             raise RioXarrayError(
                 "All nodata values must be the same when exporting to raster. "
-                f"Current values: {nodatavals}"
+                f"Current values: {attr_nodatavals}"
             )
         if self.crs is not None:
             data_array.rio.write_crs(self.crs, inplace=True)

rioxarray/raster_writer.py

@@ -94,20 +94,23 @@ def _write_metatata_to_raster(*, raster_handle, xarray_dataset, tags):
     )
 
     # write scales and offsets
-    try:
-        raster_handle.scales = tags["scales"]
-    except KeyError:
+    scales = tags.get("scales", xarray_dataset.encoding.get("scales"))
+    if scales is None:
         scale_factor = tags.get(
             "scale_factor", xarray_dataset.encoding.get("scale_factor")
         )
         if scale_factor is not None:
-            raster_handle.scales = (scale_factor,) * raster_handle.count
-    try:
-        raster_handle.offsets = tags["offsets"]
-    except KeyError:
+            scales = (scale_factor,) * raster_handle.count
+    if scales is not None:
+        raster_handle.scales = scales
+
+    offsets = tags.get("offsets", xarray_dataset.encoding.get("offsets"))
+    if offsets is None:
         add_offset = tags.get("add_offset", xarray_dataset.encoding.get("add_offset"))
         if add_offset is not None:
-            raster_handle.offsets = (add_offset,) * raster_handle.count
+            offsets = (add_offset,) * raster_handle.count
+    if offsets is not None:
+        raster_handle.offsets = offsets
 
     _write_tags(raster_handle=raster_handle, tags=tags)
     _write_band_description(raster_handle=raster_handle, xarray_dataset=xarray_dataset)

test/integration/test_integration_rioxarray.py

@@ -1771,7 +1771,8 @@ def test_to_raster__offsets_and_scales(chunks, tmpdir):
     tmp_raster = tmpdir.join("air_temp_offset.tif")
 
     with rioxarray.open_rasterio(
-        os.path.join(TEST_INPUT_DATA_DIR, "tmmx_20190121.nc"), chunks=chunks
+        os.path.join(TEST_INPUT_DATA_DIR, "tmmx_20190121.nc"),
+        chunks=chunks,
     ) as rds:
         rds = _ensure_dataset(rds)
         attrs = dict(rds.air_temperature.attrs)
@@ -1795,6 +1796,38 @@ def test_to_raster__offsets_and_scales(chunks, tmpdir):
         assert rds.rio.nodata == 32767.0
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mask_and_scale", [True, False])
+def test_to_raster__scales__offsets(mask_and_scale, tmpdir):
+    tmp_raster = tmpdir.join("air_temp_offset.tif")
+
+    with rioxarray.open_rasterio(
+        os.path.join(TEST_INPUT_DATA_DIR, "tmmx_20190121.nc"),
+        mask_and_scale=mask_and_scale,
+    ) as rds:
+        rds = _ensure_dataset(rds)
+        rds["air_temperature_2"] = rds.air_temperature.copy()
+        if mask_and_scale:
+            rds.air_temperature_2.encoding["scale_factor"] = 0.2
+            rds.air_temperature_2.encoding["add_offset"] = 110.0
+        else:
+            rds.air_temperature_2.attrs["scale_factor"] = 0.2
+            rds.air_temperature_2.attrs["add_offset"] = 110.0
+        rds.squeeze(dim="band", drop=True).rio.to_raster(str(tmp_raster))
+
+    with rasterio.open(str(tmp_raster)) as rds:
+        assert rds.scales == (0.1, 0.2)
+        assert rds.offsets == (220.0, 110.0)
+
+    # test roundtrip
+    with rioxarray.open_rasterio(str(tmp_raster), mask_and_scale=mask_and_scale) as rds:
+        if mask_and_scale:
+            assert rds.encoding["scales"] == (0.1, 0.2)
+            assert rds.encoding["offsets"] == (220.0, 110.0)
+        else:
+            assert rds.attrs["scales"] == (0.1, 0.2)
+            assert rds.attrs["offsets"] == (220.0, 110.0)
+
+
 def test_to_raster__custom_description__wrong(tmpdir):
     tmp_raster = tmpdir.join("planet_3d_raster.tif")
     with xarray.open_dataset(
@@ -1857,11 +1890,14 @@ def test_to_raster__dataset(tmpdir):
         assert numpy.isnan(rdscompare.rio.nodata)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mask_and_scale", [True, False])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("chunks", [True, None])
-def test_to_raster__dataset__mask_and_scale(chunks, tmpdir):
+def test_to_raster__dataset__mask_and_scale(chunks, mask_and_scale, tmpdir):
     output_raster = tmpdir.join("tmmx_20190121.tif")
     with rioxarray.open_rasterio(
-        os.path.join(TEST_INPUT_DATA_DIR, "tmmx_20190121.nc"), chunks=chunks
+        os.path.join(TEST_INPUT_DATA_DIR, "tmmx_20190121.nc"),
+        chunks=chunks,
+        mask_and_scale=mask_and_scale,
     ) as rds:
         rds = _ensure_dataset(rds)
         rds.isel(band=0).rio.to_raster(str(output_raster))
@@ -1871,7 +1907,10 @@ def test_to_raster__dataset__mask_and_scale(chunks, tmpdir):
             assert rdscompare.add_offset == 220.0
             assert rdscompare.long_name == "tmmx"
             assert rdscompare.rio.crs == rds.rio.crs
-            assert rdscompare.rio.nodata == rds.air_temperature.rio.nodata
+            if mask_and_scale:
+                assert rdscompare.rio.nodata == rds.air_temperature.rio.encoded_nodata
+            else:
+                assert rdscompare.rio.nodata == rds.air_temperature.rio.nodata
 
 
 def test_to_raster__dataset__different_crs(tmpdir):