Support complex recursive dependency category specification

[cottsay]

When computing the dependency graph, the existing API exposes a parameter for indicating which direct dependency categories to collect as well as what indirect (recursive) dependency categories to collect.

This change allows the caller to specify different recursive dependency categories depending on which category included the dependency in the graph to begin with.

Eventually, this enhancement can be leveraged as part of the "dependency narrowing" effort to drop build-only dependencies from a chain where only runtime dependencies are specified.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.90909% with 1 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 83.25%. Comparing base (db84706) to head (25e73e7).

Files	Patch %	Lines
colcon_core/package_descriptor.py	90.90%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #646      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   83.23%   83.25%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          66       66              
  Lines        3842     3852      +10     
  Branches      758      762       +4     
==========================================
+ Hits         3198     3207       +9     
  Misses        556      556              
- Partials       88       89       +1     

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[nuclearsandwich]

Reviewed in the Infrastructure meeting today. Thanks very much Scott for talking us through the changes.