[VC-35742] Handle canceled context to prevent extra retries

[wallrj-cyberark]

• Add logic to detect canceled context and avoid further reconcile attempts
• Log context cancellation as info for diagnostics and apply patch before exit
• Prevent logging expected context errors at error level during shutdown

xref:

• Reconciler error due to context cancellation on shutdown kubernetes-sigs/controller-runtime#3211

/cc @FelixPhipps @inteon

[cert-manager-prow]

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[cert-manager-prow]

Hi @wallrj-cyberark. Thanks for your PR.

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[inteon]

@wallrj-cyberark normally, controller-runtime should have shutdown the queue resulting in no more retries after a context cancelation. There might be a slight delay, but that should not cause any issues afaik.