sqlalchemy-odata

Open-source OData v4 connector for SQLAlchemy and Apache Superset.

A Shillelagh adapter that lets you query any OData v4 API with SQL.

What it does

• Connects to any OData v4 service and reads $metadata to auto-discover all entity sets and their schemas
• Exposes each entity set as a SQL table (e.g. Products, Orders, Customers)
• Fetches data via $top/$skip and @odata.nextLink pagination
• SQLite (via Shillelagh/APSW) handles all SQL operations locally — SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY, JOIN, subqueries, etc.
• Registers an odata:// SQLAlchemy dialect for easy connection strings
• Includes a Superset engine spec so it appears in the "Add Database" dialog

Installation

pip install sqlalchemy-odata

For Apache Superset, add to your requirements-local.txt or Docker image:

sqlalchemy-odata

Quick start

Try it with the public Northwind OData service — no auth required:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text

engine = create_engine("odata://services.odata.org/V4/Northwind/Northwind.svc")

with engine.connect() as conn:
    result = conn.execute(text("SELECT ProductName, UnitPrice FROM Products LIMIT 5"))
    for row in result:
        print(row)

Usage

Connection string

odata://username:password@hostname/service-path

The username and password are passed as HTTP Basic Auth credentials. The service path is the OData service root (everything before the entity set names).

HTTPS is used by default. For local development servers (localhost / 127.0.0.1), HTTP is used automatically.

Note: Credentials are embedded in the connection string. If you're using Superset, be aware that connection strings are stored in Superset's metadata database. Consider using Superset's secrets management for production deployments.

In Python

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text

engine = create_engine(
    "odata://myuser:mypassword@api.example.com/odata/v1"
)

with engine.connect() as conn:
    # Auto-discovers tables from $metadata
    result = conn.execute(text("SELECT * FROM Products LIMIT 10"))
    for row in result:
        print(row)

    # Full SQL support — GROUP BY, JOIN, subqueries, etc.
    result = conn.execute(text("""
        SELECT Category, COUNT(*) as cnt, AVG(Price) as avg_price
        FROM Products
        WHERE InStock = 1
        GROUP BY Category
        ORDER BY cnt DESC
    """))

With HammerTech

engine = create_engine(
    "odata://myuser:api_key@us-reporting-01.hammertechonline.com/v0.1"
)

with engine.connect() as conn:
    result = conn.execute(text("SELECT * FROM incidents LIMIT 10"))

In Apache Superset

1. Go to Settings > Database Connections > + Database
2. Select OData (or use "Other" and enter the URI manually)
3. Enter the connection string: odata://user:pass@host/path
4. Click Connect — all entity sets appear as tables in SQL Lab

Table discovery

Tables are automatically discovered from the OData $metadata endpoint. You can also inspect them programmatically:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, inspect

engine = create_engine("odata://user:pass@host/path")
inspector = inspect(engine)
print(inspector.get_table_names())
# ['Customers', 'Orders', 'Products', ...]

How it works

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Your SQL query                                          │
│  SELECT * FROM Products WHERE Price > 100                │
└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┘
                     │
         ┌───────────▼───────────┐
         │  SQLite (via APSW)    │  Handles SQL parsing,
         │  + Shillelagh         │  filtering, joins, etc.
         └───────────┬───────────┘
                     │
         ┌───────────▼───────────┐
         │  sqlalchemy-odata     │  Fetches data from the
         │  ODataAdapter         │  OData API via HTTP
         └───────────┬───────────┘
                     │
         ┌───────────▼───────────┐
         │  OData v4 Service     │  $metadata for schema,
         │  (any provider)       │  $top/$skip for data
         └───────────────────────┘

1. On first query, the adapter fetches the $metadata EDMX document to discover entity types, properties, and their EDM types
2. EDM types are mapped to SQLite types (Edm.String -> TEXT, Edm.Int32 -> INTEGER, Edm.DateTimeOffset -> TIMESTAMP, etc.)
3. Data is fetched via paginated GET requests with $top/$skip parameters (or @odata.nextLink if the server provides it)
4. SQLite handles all query operations (filtering, sorting, grouping, joins) locally
5. Results are returned through the standard SQLAlchemy/DB-API interface

Supported OData features

Feature	Status
$metadata schema discovery	Supported
$top / $skip pagination	Supported
@odata.nextLink pagination	Supported
@odata.count	Not yet
Basic Auth	Supported
Bearer Token Auth	Not yet
OAuth2	Not yet
$filter pushdown	Not yet (filtered locally by SQLite)
$select pushdown	Not yet (all columns fetched)
$orderby pushdown	Not yet (sorted locally by SQLite)
$expand (relationships)	Not yet
Write operations (POST/PATCH/DELETE)	Not supported (read-only)

Note: Even without server-side pushdown, all SQL operations work because SQLite handles them locally. Pushdown is a performance optimization for large datasets.

Limitations

• Performance on large datasets: Without $filter pushdown, the adapter fetches all rows from an entity set and filters locally. For entity sets with hundreds of thousands of rows, this can be slow and memory-intensive. Pushdown support is planned for a future release.
• Auth: Only HTTP Basic Auth is currently supported. Bearer tokens and OAuth2 are planned.
• Read-only: Write operations (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) are not supported.

Architecture

This package provides three components built on the Shillelagh framework:

Component	Purpose
shillelagh_odata.adapter	Shillelagh adapter — fetches data from OData, parses $metadata
shillelagh_odata.dialect	SQLAlchemy dialect (odata://) — handles connection strings, table discovery
shillelagh_odata.engine_spec	Superset BaseEngineSpec subclass — registers OData in the Superset UI

These register via entry points:

[project.entry-points."shillelagh.adapter"]
odataapi = "shillelagh_odata.adapter:ODataAdapter"

[project.entry-points."sqlalchemy.dialects"]
odata = "shillelagh_odata.dialect:APSWODataDialect"

[project.entry-points."superset.db_engine_specs"]
odata = "shillelagh_odata.engine_spec:ODataEngineSpec"

Troubleshooting

No tables found / empty table list

• Verify your OData service URL is correct and the $metadata endpoint is accessible
• Check credentials — a 401/403 response will result in an empty table list
• Try accessing https://your-host/your-path/$metadata in a browser to verify the service

Empty query results

• The entity set may exist in $metadata but contain no data
• Check that the entity set name is spelled exactly as it appears in $metadata (case-sensitive)

Connection timeouts

• The default timeout is 30 seconds for metadata and 60 seconds for data requests
• Large entity sets with many pages may take time to fully load

Can't connect to local development server

• localhost and 127.0.0.1 automatically use HTTP instead of HTTPS
• For other local hostnames, ensure your server supports HTTPS or use localhost

Development

git clone https://github.com/brandonjjon/sqlalchemy-odata.git
cd sqlalchemy-odata
pip install -e ".[dev]"
pytest

Related projects

• Shillelagh — the framework this adapter is built on
• Apache Superset — the BI platform this integrates with
• graphql-db-api — similar adapter for GraphQL APIs (also built on Shillelagh)

License

MIT