Azure Functions Test Framework

An integration testing framework for Azure Functions (dotnet-isolated) that provides a TestServer/WebApplicationFactory-like experience. Under the hood, the framework uses ASP.NET Core's TestServer for both the gRPC communication channel and the worker's HTTP server — no TCP ports are opened and no firewall rules are needed.

Project Status: Preview (pre-1.0)

FunctionsTestHost — the single unified test host — is fully functional for the Worker SDK 2.x (.NET 10) samples and test suites. It supports both direct gRPC mode (ConfigureFunctionsWorkerDefaults()) and ASP.NET Core integration mode (ConfigureFunctionsWebApplication()), and works with both the classic IHostBuilder API and the newer IHostApplicationBuilder / FunctionsApplicationBuilder API introduced in Worker SDK 2.x. No active blockers.

Recent durable fake-path follow-up: the previously unsupported Durable query/entity APIs now have matching unit-test coverage in tests/AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Tests.

Capabilities

Area	Status
HTTP invocation (GET / POST / PUT / PATCH / DELETE / HEAD / OPTIONS)	✅ Both direct gRPC and ASP.NET Core integration modes
`BindingContext.BindingData` from HTTP request	✅ JSON body top-level properties, `Query`, and `Headers` populated — matches real Azure Functions host behavior
Trigger packages (Timer, Queue, ServiceBus, Blob, EventGrid, EventHubs, CosmosDB, SQL, SignalR, MCP, Redis, RabbitMQ)	✅ Extension methods + result capture
Table input bindings (`[TableInput]`)	✅ `WithTableEntity` / `WithTableEntities` via `ISyntheticBindingProvider`
CosmosDB input bindings (`[CosmosDBInput]`)	✅ `WithCosmosDBInputDocuments` via `ISyntheticBindingProvider`
SQL input bindings (`[SqlInput]`)	✅ `WithSqlInputRows` via `ISyntheticBindingProvider`
Redis input bindings (`[RedisInput]`)	✅ `WithRedisInput` via `ISyntheticBindingProvider`
SignalR input bindings (`[SignalRConnectionInfoInput]`, `[SignalREndpointsInput]`, `[SignalRNegotiationInput]`)	✅ `WithSignalRConnectionInfo` / `WithSignalREndpoints` / `WithSignalRNegotiation` via `ISyntheticBindingProvider`
Durable Functions (starter, orchestrator, activity, sub-orchestrator, external events, orchestration-to-orchestration `SendEvent`)	✅ Fake-backed in-process
Durable entity APIs (`GetEntityAsync` non-generic, `GetAllEntitiesAsync`, `CleanEntityStorageAsync`, entity→orchestration scheduling, orchestration entity locks)	✅ Supported in fake durable client/runner
Durable orchestration query API (`GetAllInstancesAsync` with query filters)	✅ Supported in fake durable client
ASP.NET Core integration (`ConfigureFunctionsWebApplication`)	✅ Full parameter binding incl. `HttpRequest`, `FunctionContext`, typed route params, `CancellationToken`
`WithHostBuilderFactory` + `ConfigureServices` (`IHostBuilder`)	✅ DI overrides, inherited app services
`WithHostApplicationBuilderFactory` (`FunctionsApplicationBuilder`)	✅ Support for the modern `FunctionsApplication.CreateBuilder()` startup style
Custom route prefixes	✅ Auto-detected from `host.json`
Middleware testing	✅ End-to-end in both modes
Output binding capture	✅ `ReadReturnValueAs<T>()`, `ReadOutputAs<T>(bindingName)`
Service access / configuration overrides	✅ `Services`, `ConfigureSetting`, `ConfigureEnvironmentVariable`
Worker-side logging	✅ `ConfigureWorkerLogging` routes function `ILogger` output to test output
Metadata discovery	✅ `IFunctionsTestHost.GetFunctions()`
NuGet packaging	✅ `net8.0;net10.0`, Source Link, symbol packages, central package management
CI	✅ xUnit + NUnit + TUnit, push + PR

Goals

This framework aims to provide:

In-process testing: No func.exe, no external processes, no open TCP ports — everything runs in-memory via ASP.NET Core TestServer
Fast execution: Similar performance to ASP.NET Core TestServer
Single unified test host: FunctionsTestHost handles both direct gRPC mode and ASP.NET Core integration mode
Full DI control: Override services for testing
Middleware support: Test middleware registered in Program.cs

NuGet packages

Package	Description	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Core`	gRPC-based in-process test host, worker hosting, metadata inspection, shared invocation result types, `ISyntheticBindingProvider` extensibility	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Http`	HTTP client support (`CreateHttpClient()`), request/response mapping, forwarding handlers for both modes	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Timer`	`InvokeTimerAsync(...)`	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Queue`	`InvokeQueueAsync(...)` for `string` and `QueueMessage` parameter types	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.ServiceBus`	`InvokeServiceBusAsync(...)`, `InvokeServiceBusBatchAsync(...)`, `ConfigureFakeServiceBusMessageActions()`	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Blob`	`InvokeBlobAsync(...)`, `WithBlobInputContent(...)`, `WithBlobServiceClient(...)` + `WithBlobInputClient(...)` for `BlobClient` types	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.EventGrid`	`InvokeEventGridAsync(...)` for both `EventGridEvent` and `CloudEvent`	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.EventHubs`	`InvokeEventHubAsync(...)` for single event, `InvokeEventHubBatchAsync(...)` for batch-trigger functions	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.CosmosDB`	`InvokeCosmosDBAsync(...)` for change-feed trigger, `WithCosmosDBInputDocuments(...)` for input binding injection	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Sql`	`InvokeSqlAsync(...)` for change-tracking trigger, `WithSqlInputRows(...)` for input binding injection	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Tables`	`WithTableEntity(...)`, `WithTableEntities(...)` (input binding injection); `[TableOutput]` capture works generically via Core	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.SignalR`	`InvokeSignalRAsync(...)` for `[SignalRTrigger]`; `WithSignalRConnectionInfo(...)`, `WithSignalRNegotiation(...)`, `WithSignalREndpoints(...)` for input binding injection; `[SignalROutput]` captured via Core	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Durable`	Fake-backed durable helpers, `ConfigureFakeDurableSupport(...)`, `FakeDurableTaskClient`, activity invocation, external events	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Mcp`	`InvokeMcpToolAsync(...)`, `InvokeMcpResourceAsync(...)`, `InvokeMcpPromptAsync(...)` for MCP (Model Context Protocol) triggers	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Redis`	`InvokeRedisPubSubAsync(...)`, `InvokeRedisListAsync(...)`, `InvokeRedisStreamAsync(...)` for Redis triggers; `WithRedisInput(...)` for `[RedisInput]` binding injection; `[RedisOutput]` captured via Core	README
`AzureFunctions.TestFramework.RabbitMQ`	`InvokeRabbitMQAsync(...)` for `string`, `byte[]` (UTF-8 body), and JSON POCO trigger parameters; optional `RabbitMqTriggerMessageProperties` for trigger metadata; named `[RabbitMQOutput]` payloads via `OutputData` / `ReadOutputAs<T>(...)`	README

Project setup requirements

ASP.NET Core shared framework reference

If your function app uses ConfigureFunctionsWebApplication() (i.e., it references Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Extensions.Http.AspNetCore), it must declare a framework reference to Microsoft.AspNetCore.App:

<!-- YourFunctionApp.csproj -->
<ItemGroup>
  <FrameworkReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
</ItemGroup>

ℹ️ You do not need to add FrameworkReference to your test project manually; it is propagated through the test framework's NuGet package metadata.

See the Core package README for more details.

Common commands

# Build solution
dotnet build --configuration Release

# Run all tests
dotnet test --configuration Release

# 4-flavour test matrix (IHostBuilder / IHostApplicationBuilder × direct gRPC / ASP.NET Core)
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostBuilder.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests --no-build --configuration Release

# Custom route prefix tests (4-flavour)
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests --no-build --configuration Release

# Sample tests (Worker SDK 2.x, Durable, Custom route prefix)
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.Worker.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.Durable.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix.Tests --no-build --configuration Release
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix.AspNetCore.Tests --no-build --configuration Release

# Pack NuGet packages locally
dotnet pack --configuration Release --output ./artifacts

Next likely areas

Richer durable lifecycle helpers and pagination/continuation behavior parity
Additional typed helpers for more complex output payloads
More middleware scenarios such as authorization and exception handling
More binding types such as Kafka and SendGrid

Project Structure

src/
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Core/         # gRPC host (TestServer-backed), worker hosting, in-memory invocation — both modes (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Http/         # HTTP client support, request/response mapping, forwarding handlers (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Timer/        # TimerTrigger invocation (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Queue/        # QueueTrigger invocation (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.ServiceBus/   # ServiceBusTrigger invocation (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Blob/         # BlobTrigger invocation + BlobInput injection (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.EventGrid/    # EventGridTrigger invocation (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.EventHubs/    # EventHubTrigger invocation — single + batch (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.CosmosDB/     # CosmosDBTrigger invocation + CosmosDBInput injection (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Sql/          # SqlTrigger invocation + SqlInput injection (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Tables/       # TableInput injection via ISyntheticBindingProvider (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.SignalR/      # SignalRTrigger invocation + SignalR input binding injection (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Redis/        # RedisPubSubTrigger/RedisListTrigger/RedisStreamTrigger invocation + RedisInput injection (net8.0;net10.0)
  AzureFunctions.TestFramework.Durable/      # Fake durable support (net8.0;net10.0)

samples/
  Sample.FunctionApp/                        # Minimal worker app (net10.0) — used by sample test projects
  Sample.FunctionApp.Tests.XUnit/            # xUnit sample test project
  Sample.FunctionApp.Tests.NUnit/            # NUnit sample test project
  Sample.FunctionApp.Tests.TUnit/            # TUnit sample test project
  Sample.FunctionApp.Worker/                 # Worker SDK 2.x (net10.0) — TodoAPI, middleware, triggers
  Sample.FunctionApp.Worker.Tests/           # xUnit — both direct gRPC and ASP.NET Core integration mode (~7 tests)
  Sample.FunctionApp.Durable/               # Durable Functions sample — HTTP starter + orchestrator + activity
  Sample.FunctionApp.Durable.Tests/          # xUnit — Durable Functions (~25 tests)
  Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix/      # Custom route prefix with ConfigureFunctionsWorkerDefaults()
  Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix.Tests/              # xUnit — custom prefix via direct gRPC (2 tests)
  Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix.AspNetCore/         # Custom route prefix with ConfigureFunctionsWebApplication()
  Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix.AspNetCore.Tests/   # xUnit — custom prefix via ASP.NET Core integration (3 tests)

tests/
  # 4-flavour test matrix — all share logic from tests/Shared/
  TestProject.HostBuilder/                              # Function app — IHostBuilder, ConfigureFunctionsWorkerDefaults
  TestProject.HostBuilder.Tests/                        # xUnit — direct gRPC, IHostBuilder
  TestProject.HostBuilder.AspNetCore/                   # Function app — IHostBuilder, ConfigureFunctionsWebApplication
  TestProject.HostBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests/             # xUnit — ASP.NET Core integration, IHostBuilder
  TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder/                   # Function app — FunctionsApplicationBuilder (direct gRPC)
  TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder.Tests/             # xUnit — direct gRPC, FunctionsApplicationBuilder
  TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore/        # Function app — FunctionsApplicationBuilder + ConfigureFunctionsWebApplication
  TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests/  # xUnit — ASP.NET Core integration, FunctionsApplicationBuilder
  # Custom route prefix 4-flavour matrix (one test project per function app)
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder/            # CRP function app — IHostBuilder, gRPC
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder.Tests/
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder.AspNetCore/ # CRP function app — IHostBuilder, ASP.NET Core
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests/
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder/            # CRP function app — FunctionsApplicationBuilder, gRPC
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder.Tests/
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore/ # CRP function app — FunctionsApplicationBuilder, ASP.NET Core
  TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests/
  Shared/                                               # Shared test base classes + shared function implementations
  TestProject.Shared/                                   # Shared project consumed by all test projects

Building

dotnet restore
dotnet build

Testing

# All tests
dotnet test

# 4-flavour test matrix
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostBuilder.Tests
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder.Tests
dotnet test tests/TestProject.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests

# Custom route prefix tests (4-flavour)
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder.Tests
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder.Tests
dotnet test tests/TestProject.CustomRoutePrefix.HostApplicationBuilder.AspNetCore.Tests

# Sample tests (Worker SDK 2.x, Durable, Custom route prefix)
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.Worker.Tests
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.Durable.Tests
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix.Tests
dotnet test samples/Sample.FunctionApp.CustomRoutePrefix.AspNetCore.Tests

# Single test with detailed logging
dotnet test --filter "GetTodos_ReturnsEmptyList" --logger "console;verbosity=detailed"

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 303 Commits
.github		.github
docs		docs
samples		samples
src		src
tests		tests
.gitignore		.gitignore
AzureFunctions.TestFramework.slnx		AzureFunctions.TestFramework.slnx
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
Directory.Build.props		Directory.Build.props
Directory.Build.targets		Directory.Build.targets
Directory.Packages.props		Directory.Packages.props
KNOWN_ISSUES.md		KNOWN_ISSUES.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
SECURITY.md		SECURITY.md
Samples.slnx		Samples.slnx
global.json		global.json

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Azure Functions Test Framework

Project Status: Preview (pre-1.0)

Capabilities

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Project setup requirements

ASP.NET Core shared framework reference

Common commands

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Azure Functions Test Framework

Project Status: Preview (pre-1.0)

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NuGet packages

Project setup requirements

ASP.NET Core shared framework reference

Common commands

Next likely areas

Project Structure

Building

Testing

Known Issues

References

License

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