Awesome Web Standards

A comprehensive collection of specifications, proposals, and browser-level APIs for modern web development.

Web standards are the foundation of the open web, ensuring interoperability and consistency across different browsers and platforms. This curated list provides developers with essential resources for building modern, accessible, and performant web applications.

Contents

• Core Web Standards
  • HTML
  • CSS
  • JavaScript
• Web APIs
  • DOM and Events
  • Fetch and Network
  • WebSockets and Real-time Communication
  • Web Storage
  • IndexedDB
  • Service Workers
  • Web Workers
• Graphics and Media
  • Canvas API
  • WebGL
  • WebGPU
  • SVG
  • Web Audio API
  • Web Video
  • Media Source Extensions
  • WebRTC
• Performance
  • Performance APIs
  • Web Performance
  • Resource Hints
  • Lazy Loading
• Progressive Web Apps
  • Web App Manifest
  • Push Notifications
  • Background Sync
  • Install Prompts
• Security and Privacy
  • Content Security Policy
  • CORS
  • Permissions API
  • Credential Management
  • Web Authentication
  • Subresource Integrity
• Accessibility
  • ARIA
  • Web Accessibility Standards
  • Accessibility APIs
• Device APIs
  • Geolocation
  • Device Orientation
  • Vibration API
  • Battery Status
  • Ambient Light
  • Web Bluetooth
  • Web USB
  • Web NFC
• Web Components
  • Custom Elements
  • Shadow DOM
  • HTML Templates
• Modern JavaScript Features
  • ES2015+ Features
  • Modules
  • Async/Await
  • Promises
• Emerging Standards
  • WebAssembly
  • Web Payments
  • Web Share API
  • File System Access
  • WebXR
  • Compute Pressure
• Standards Organizations
• Browser Compatibility
• Testing and Development
• Communities and Resources
• Contributing

Core Web Standards

HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.

Specifications

• HTML Living Standard - The official HTML specification maintained by WHATWG.
• HTML5 W3C Recommendation - W3C HTML5 specification.
• HTML Elements Reference - Complete reference of HTML elements.

Semantic HTML

• Semantic HTML - Using HTML elements according to their semantic meaning.
• Document Structure - Proper document structure and organization.
• Sections and Outlines - Sectioning content and document outlines.
• Microdata - Machine-readable data embedded in HTML.

HTML Forms

• HTML Forms - Form elements and submission.
• Form Validation - Built-in form validation API.
• Input Types - All available input types and their usage.

HTML Media

• Video Element - Native video playback.
• Audio Element - Native audio playback.
• Track Element - Text tracks for media elements.
• Picture Element - Responsive images.

CSS

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is the language used to describe the presentation of web pages.

Core CSS Specifications

• CSS Snapshot - Current state of CSS specifications.
• CSS 2.1 Specification - Core CSS specification.
• CSS Selectors Level 4 - Advanced selectors.
• CSS Values and Units Level 4 - CSS data types, values, and units.

Layout

• CSS Flexbox - Flexible box layout model.
• CSS Grid Layout - Two-dimensional grid layout system.
• CSS Box Model - Box model specification.
• CSS Positioning - Positioning schemes.
• CSS Multi-column Layout - Multi-column layout.
• CSS Containment - Performance optimization through containment.

Visual Effects

• CSS Transforms - 2D and 3D transformations.
• CSS Transitions - Smooth property transitions.
• CSS Animations - Keyframe-based animations.
• CSS Filters - Visual effects and filters.
• CSS Compositing and Blending - Blend modes and compositing.
• CSS Masks - Clipping and masking.

Typography

• CSS Fonts - Font properties and font loading.
• CSS Text - Text manipulation and layout.
• CSS Writing Modes - International writing modes.
• CSS Text Decoration - Text decoration properties.
• Variable Fonts - Variable font technology.

Colors and Backgrounds

• CSS Color Level 4 - Color values and properties.
• CSS Backgrounds and Borders - Background and border properties.
• CSS Images - Image values and gradients.

Responsive Design

• CSS Media Queries Level 4 - Responsive design queries.
• CSS Container Queries - Container-based responsive design.
• CSS Device Adaptation - Viewport and device adaptation.

Advanced CSS

• CSS Custom Properties (Variables) - Custom CSS properties.
• CSS Cascade Level 4 - Cascade and inheritance.
• CSS Counter Styles - Custom counter styles.
• CSS Scroll Snap - Scroll snapping behavior.
• CSS Logical Properties - Flow-relative properties.
• CSS Houdini - Low-level CSS APIs.

JavaScript

JavaScript (ECMAScript) is the programming language of the web.

ECMAScript Specifications

• ECMAScript 2024 - Latest ECMAScript specification.
• TC39 Proposals - Active ECMAScript proposals.
• ECMAScript Compatibility Table - Browser compatibility for ECMAScript features.

Language Features

• ES2015 (ES6) - Major JavaScript update introducing classes, modules, and more.
• ES2016 - Array.prototype.includes, exponentiation operator.
• ES2017 - Async/await, Object.values/entries.
• ES2018 - Rest/spread properties, async iteration.
• ES2019 - Array.flat, Object.fromEntries.
• ES2020 - Optional chaining, nullish coalescing.
• ES2021 - Logical assignment operators, numeric separators.
• ES2022 - Top-level await, class fields.
• ES2023 - Array.findLast, hashbang grammar.

Core Concepts

• Lexical Grammar - JavaScript syntax and tokens.
• Types - JavaScript data types.
• Objects - Object fundamentals.
• Functions - Functions and arrow functions.
• Classes - ES6 classes and inheritance.
• Modules - ES6 module system.

Web APIs

DOM and Events

The Document Object Model (DOM) represents the structure of web documents and provides APIs for manipulation.

DOM Specifications

• DOM Living Standard - Core DOM specification.
• DOM Parsing and Serialization - Parsing HTML and XML.
• UI Events - User interface event handling.
• Pointer Events - Unified pointer input handling.
• Touch Events - Touch input handling.

DOM APIs

• Document API - Document manipulation.
• Element API - Element manipulation.
• Node API - Node operations.
• Selection API - Text selection.
• Intersection Observer - Visibility detection.
• Mutation Observer - DOM change observation.
• Resize Observer - Element size change detection.

Event APIs

• Event Target - Event dispatching and handling.
• Custom Events - Custom event creation.
• Keyboard Events - Keyboard input handling.
• Mouse Events - Mouse input handling.
• Focus Events - Focus management.
• Input Events - Text input events.

Fetch and Network

Modern APIs for making HTTP requests and handling network communication.

Network APIs

• Fetch API - Modern HTTP request API.
• XMLHttpRequest - Traditional AJAX API.
• Server-Sent Events - Server push events.
• Beacon API - Asynchronous data transmission.
• Background Fetch - Long-running downloads.

Request and Response

• Request API - HTTP request representation.
• Response API - HTTP response representation.
• Headers API - HTTP headers manipulation.
• AbortController - Request cancellation.

WebSockets and Real-time Communication

Real-time bidirectional communication between client and server.

• WebSocket API - WebSocket protocol implementation.
• WebRTC - Real-time communication.
• WebTransport - Modern transport protocol.

Web Storage

Client-side storage mechanisms for web applications.

Storage APIs

• Web Storage - localStorage and sessionStorage.
• IndexedDB - Low-level client-side database.
• Cookie Store API - Modern cookie management.
• Cache API - HTTP cache management.
• Storage Manager API - Storage quota and persistence.

IndexedDB

Advanced client-side database for structured data storage.

• IndexedDB 3.0 - Latest IndexedDB specification.
• IndexedDB API - Complete API reference.
• Using IndexedDB - Usage guide.

Service Workers

Background scripts that enable offline functionality and advanced caching.

• Service Workers - Service worker specification.
• Service Worker API - Complete API documentation.
• Background Sync - Deferred synchronization.
• Periodic Background Sync - Periodic sync operations.
• Push API - Push notification delivery.

Web Workers

JavaScript execution in background threads for improved performance.

• Web Workers - Worker specification.
• Dedicated Workers - Single-tab workers.
• Shared Workers - Multi-tab workers.
• Worklets - Lightweight workers for rendering pipeline.

Graphics and Media

Canvas API

2D drawing API for dynamic graphics rendering.

• Canvas 2D Context - Canvas drawing API.
• OffscreenCanvas - Canvas in workers.
• Canvas API Guide - Complete canvas documentation.

WebGL

Hardware-accelerated 3D graphics rendering in the browser.

• WebGL 1.0 - WebGL 1.0 specification.
• WebGL 2.0 - WebGL 2.0 specification.
• WebGL Extensions - Available WebGL extensions.
• WebGL Best Practices - Performance and best practices.

WebGPU

Next-generation GPU API for the web.

• WebGPU Specification - WebGPU specification.
• WGSL - WebGPU Shading Language.
• WebGPU Fundamentals - Learning resources.

SVG

Scalable Vector Graphics for resolution-independent graphics.

• SVG 2 - SVG 2.0 specification.
• SVG Integration - SVG in HTML.
• SVG Animation - SVG animation elements.
• SVG Filters - SVG filter effects.

Web Audio API

Advanced audio processing and synthesis.

• Web Audio API - Audio processing specification.
• Web Audio API Guide - Complete documentation.
• Audio Worklet - Custom audio processing.

Web Video

Video playback and processing APIs.

• Media Capabilities - Media decoding capabilities.
• Picture-in-Picture - PiP video mode.
• Media Session - Media control integration.
• Remote Playback - Remote media playback.

Media Source Extensions

Advanced media streaming capabilities.

• Media Source Extensions - MSE specification.
• Encrypted Media Extensions - DRM support.
• WebCodecs - Low-level media codec access.

WebRTC

Real-time communication with audio, video, and data channels.

• WebRTC 1.0 - WebRTC specification.
• WebRTC Stats - Connection statistics.
• Media Capture and Streams - getUserMedia API.
• Screen Capture - Screen sharing API.

Performance

Performance APIs

Measuring and monitoring web application performance.

• Performance Timeline - Performance data collection.
• Navigation Timing - Page load timing.
• Resource Timing - Resource load timing.
• User Timing - Custom performance marks.
• Paint Timing - First paint metrics.
• Event Timing - Input latency measurement.
• Long Tasks API - Long-running task detection.

Web Performance

Performance optimization techniques and best practices.

• Web Vitals - Core performance metrics.
• Largest Contentful Paint - LCP metric.
• First Input Delay - FID metric.
• Cumulative Layout Shift - CLS metric.
• Time to First Byte - TTFB optimization.

Resource Hints

Optimizing resource loading through hints to the browser.

• Resource Hints - Preconnect, prefetch, prerender.
• Preload - Critical resource preloading.
• Priority Hints - Resource priority control.

Lazy Loading

Deferred loading of resources for improved performance.

• Lazy Loading - Native lazy loading.
• Intersection Observer - Viewport-based loading.
• Loading Attribute - Image and iframe lazy loading.

Progressive Web Apps

Building app-like experiences on the web.

Web App Manifest

• Web App Manifest - App installation metadata.
• Manifest File Format - Manifest specification.

Push Notifications

• Push API - Push notification delivery.
• Notifications API - Notification display.
• Web Push Protocol - Push messaging protocol.

Background Sync

• Background Sync - Deferred operations.
• Periodic Background Sync - Scheduled sync.

Install Prompts

• BeforeInstallPrompt - Custom install prompts.
• Installation - PWA installation criteria.

Security and Privacy

Content Security Policy

Protecting against XSS and other code injection attacks.

• CSP Level 3 - Content Security Policy specification.
• CSP Directives - CSP directive reference.
• Trusted Types - DOM XSS prevention.

CORS

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing for secure cross-origin requests.

• CORS - CORS specification.
• CORS Headers - CORS header reference.

Permissions API

Managing user permissions for sensitive features.

• Permissions API - Permission management.
• Permissions Policy - Feature policy control.

Credential Management

Modern authentication and credential management.

• Credential Management - Credential API.
• Web Authentication - WebAuthn specification.
• Federated Credential Management - FedCM API.

Web Authentication

Passwordless authentication using FIDO2 and WebAuthn.

• WebAuthn Level 2 - Web Authentication specification.
• FIDO2 - FIDO2 standards.
• Authenticator Selection - Authenticator criteria.

Subresource Integrity

Verifying the integrity of fetched resources.

• SRI - Subresource Integrity specification.
• SRI Hash Generator - Generate SRI hashes.

Accessibility

ARIA

Accessible Rich Internet Applications for improved accessibility.

• WAI-ARIA 1.2 - ARIA specification.
• ARIA Practices - Design patterns and practices.
• ARIA Authoring Practices - Widget patterns.
• ARIA in HTML - Using ARIA with HTML.

Web Accessibility Standards

• WCAG 2.2 - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
• WCAG 2.1 - Previous WCAG version.
• ATAG 2.0 - Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines.
• UAAG 2.0 - User Agent Accessibility Guidelines.

Accessibility APIs

• Accessibility Object Model - AOM specification.
• ARIA Live Regions - Dynamic content announcements.
• Focus Management - Keyboard navigation.

Device APIs

Geolocation

Accessing device location information.

• Geolocation API - Location access specification.
• Geolocation Sensor - Modern sensor-based geolocation.

Device Orientation

Detecting device motion and orientation.

• Device Orientation Events - Orientation and motion events.
• Generic Sensor API - Generic sensor interface.
• Accelerometer - Accelerometer sensor.
• Gyroscope - Gyroscope sensor.
• Magnetometer - Magnetometer sensor.

Vibration API

Controlling device vibration.

• Vibration API - Vibration control specification.

Battery Status

Monitoring device battery status.

• Battery Status API - Battery monitoring.

Ambient Light

Detecting ambient light levels.

• Ambient Light Sensor - Light level detection.

Web Bluetooth

Communicating with Bluetooth devices.

• Web Bluetooth - Bluetooth device communication.
• Web Bluetooth Scanning - Device discovery.

Web USB

Accessing USB devices from the browser.

• WebUSB API - USB device access.

Web NFC

Near Field Communication support in browsers.

• Web NFC - NFC tag reading and writing.

Web Components

Reusable custom elements with encapsulated functionality.

Custom Elements

• Custom Elements - Custom element specification.
• Custom Elements v1 - Guide to custom elements.
• Lifecycle Callbacks - Element lifecycle.

Shadow DOM

• Shadow DOM - Shadow DOM specification.
• Shadow DOM v1 - Shadow DOM guide.
• CSS Scoping - Style encapsulation.

HTML Templates

• HTML Templates - Template element specification.
• Template Element - Using templates.
• Slots - Content distribution.

Modern JavaScript Features

ES2015+ Features

Modern JavaScript language features and syntax.

• Arrow Functions - Concise function syntax.
• Template Literals - String interpolation.
• Destructuring - Object and array destructuring.
• Spread Operator - Array and object spreading.
• Default Parameters - Function parameter defaults.
• Rest Parameters - Variable arguments.

Modules

JavaScript module system for code organization.

• ES Modules - Native module system.
• Import/Export - Module syntax.
• Dynamic Import - Runtime module loading.
• Import Maps - Module resolution control.

Async/Await

Asynchronous programming with async functions.

• Async Functions - Async/await specification.
• Async/Await Guide - Usage guide.
• Top-level Await - Module-level await.

Promises

Asynchronous operation handling.

• Promises - Promise specification.
• Promise API - Complete reference.
• Promise.all - Parallel promises.
• Promise.race - First-resolved promise.
• Promise.allSettled - All promises settled.

Emerging Standards

WebAssembly

Low-level bytecode for high-performance web applications.

• WebAssembly Core Specification - WASM core spec.
• WebAssembly JavaScript API - JavaScript integration.
• WebAssembly Web API - Web platform integration.
• WASI - WebAssembly System Interface.
• WebAssembly Threads - Multi-threading support.

Web Payments

Streamlined payment processing on the web.

• Payment Request API - Payment flow API.
• Payment Handler API - Payment app integration.
• Payment Method Manifest - Payment method definition.

Web Share API

Native sharing capabilities from web applications.

• Web Share API - Content sharing specification.
• Web Share Target API - Receiving shared content.

File System Access

Direct file system access from web applications.

• File System Access API - File system operations.
• Origin Private File System - Private storage file system.

WebXR

Immersive VR and AR experiences on the web.

• WebXR Device API - XR device access.
• WebXR Augmented Reality Module - AR capabilities.
• WebXR Gamepads Module - Controller input.
• WebXR Hand Input - Hand tracking.

Compute Pressure

Monitoring system compute pressure for adaptive performance.

• Compute Pressure API - System pressure monitoring.

Standards Organizations

Key organizations developing and maintaining web standards.

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

• W3C - Main website.
• W3C Standards - All W3C specifications.
• W3C Working Groups - Active working groups.
• W3C Community Groups - Community-driven groups.

WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group)

• WHATWG - Main website.
• WHATWG Standards - Living standards.
• HTML Standard - HTML living standard.
• DOM Standard - DOM living standard.

TC39 (Ecma Technical Committee 39)

• TC39 - JavaScript standards committee.
• ECMAScript Proposals - Proposal process.
• TC39 Process - Standardization process.

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

• IETF - Internet standards organization.
• HTTP Working Group - HTTP specifications.
• RFCs - Request for Comments documents.

Khronos Group

• Khronos Group - Graphics and compute standards.
• WebGL - WebGL standards.
• WebGPU - WebGPU development.

WICG (Web Incubator Community Group)

• WICG - Web API incubation.
• WICG Proposals - Incubating specifications.

Browser Compatibility

Resources for checking feature support across browsers.

Compatibility Tables

• Can I Use - Browser feature support tables.
• MDN Browser Compatibility - MDN compatibility data.
• Web Platform Tests - Cross-browser test results.

Browser Engines

• Blink - Chrome, Edge, Opera engine.
• Gecko - Firefox engine.
• WebKit - Safari engine.

Feature Detection

• Modernizr - Feature detection library.
• Feature Queries - CSS @supports.
• Feature Detection Techniques - JavaScript detection.

Testing and Development

Testing Tools

• Web Platform Tests - Cross-browser test suite.
• Test262 - ECMAScript conformance tests.
• Lighthouse - Automated auditing tool.
• WebPageTest - Performance testing.

Development Tools

• Chrome DevTools - Chrome debugging tools.
• Firefox Developer Tools - Firefox debugging.
• Safari Web Inspector - Safari debugging.
• Edge DevTools - Edge debugging.

Validation Tools

• W3C HTML Validator - HTML validation.
• W3C CSS Validator - CSS validation.
• Nu HTML Checker - Modern HTML validator.
• JSON Validator - JSON validation.

Performance Tools

• PageSpeed Insights - Performance analysis.
• WebPageTest - Detailed performance testing.
• Chrome User Experience Report - Real-world performance data.

Communities and Resources

Documentation

• MDN Web Docs - Comprehensive web documentation.
• Web.dev - Google's web development guidance.
• HTML.com - HTML tutorials and reference.
• CSS-Tricks - CSS tips and techniques.

Learning Resources

• Web Fundamentals - Best practices guide.
• HTML5 Rocks - HTML5 tutorials (archived).
• JavaScript.info - Modern JavaScript tutorial.
• Eloquent JavaScript - JavaScript book.

Communities

• Web Standards Slack - Web standards discussion.
• W3C Community - W3C community groups.
• Stack Overflow - Q&A for developers.
• Reddit /r/webdev - Web development community.

Newsletters and Blogs

• A List Apart - Web design and development.
• Smashing Magazine - Web development articles.
• CSS Weekly - CSS newsletter.
• JavaScript Weekly - JavaScript newsletter.
• Web Platform News - Platform updates.

Conferences

• Web Directions - Web technology conferences.
• An Event Apart - Web design conference.
• SmashingConf - Front-end development.
• JSConf - JavaScript conferences.
• CSSConf - CSS conferences.

Official Channels

• Chrome Developers - Chrome updates and tutorials.
• Mozilla Hacks - Firefox and web platform blog.
• WebKit Blog - Safari and WebKit updates.
• Microsoft Edge Blog - Edge development blog.

Additional Web Standards and APIs

Web Audio and Speech

Beyond the basic Web Audio API, there are several specialized APIs for audio and speech processing.

Speech Synthesis

• Web Speech API - Speech synthesis and recognition.
• Speech Synthesis API - Text-to-speech functionality.
• Speech Recognition API - Speech-to-text conversion.

Internationalization (i18n)

Standards for building globally accessible applications.

ECMAScript Internationalization API

• ECMA-402 - ECMAScript Internationalization API specification.
• Intl Object - Built-in internationalization API.
• Intl.DateTimeFormat - Locale-sensitive date formatting.
• Intl.NumberFormat - Locale-sensitive number formatting.
• Intl.Collator - Language-sensitive string comparison.
• Intl.PluralRules - Plural rules for different locales.
• Intl.RelativeTimeFormat - Relative time formatting.
• Intl.ListFormat - Locale-sensitive list formatting.
• Intl.Locale - Locale identifier manipulation.
• Intl.DisplayNames - Locale-specific names for languages, regions, and scripts.
• Intl.Segmenter - Locale-sensitive text segmentation.

Unicode and Character Encoding

• Unicode Standard - Universal character encoding standard.
• UTF-8 - Encoding specification.
• Text Encoding API - Encoding and decoding text.

Data Formats and Serialization

Standards for data representation and exchange.

JSON

• JSON (RFC 8159) - JavaScript Object Notation specification.
• JSON.parse - Parsing JSON strings.
• JSON.stringify - Converting values to JSON.

XML

• XML - Extensible Markup Language.
• XPath - XML Path Language.
• XSLT - XSL Transformations.
• DOM Parsing - Parsing and serializing XML/HTML.

Binary Data

• ArrayBuffer - Fixed-length binary data buffer.
• TypedArray - Array-like view of binary data.
• DataView - Low-level interface for reading/writing binary data.
• Blob - Immutable raw data.
• File API - File reading and manipulation.
• FileReader API - Reading file contents.

URL and URI Standards

Standards for working with URLs and URIs.

• URL Standard - URL parsing and manipulation.
• URL API - URL object interface.
• URLSearchParams - Query string manipulation.
• URI Syntax (RFC 3986) - URI generic syntax.
• Data URLs (RFC 2396) - Data URL scheme.

Clipboard API

Accessing and manipulating the system clipboard.

• Clipboard API - Clipboard access specification.
• Async Clipboard API - Modern asynchronous clipboard access.
• ClipboardEvent - Cut, copy, and paste events.

Drag and Drop

Native drag and drop functionality for web applications.

• HTML Drag and Drop - Drag and drop specification.
• DataTransfer API - Data transfer during drag operations.
• Drag Events - Drag event interface.

Screen Orientation

Controlling and detecting screen orientation.

• Screen Orientation API - Screen orientation control.
• Orientation Lock - Locking screen orientation.

Fullscreen API

Presenting elements in fullscreen mode.

• Fullscreen API - Fullscreen specification.
• Element.requestFullscreen - Requesting fullscreen mode.
• Document.exitFullscreen - Exiting fullscreen mode.

Page Visibility

Detecting when a page is visible to the user.

• Page Visibility API - Visibility state detection.
• Document.hidden - Page visibility status.
• visibilitychange Event - Visibility state change notification.

Pointer Lock

Providing access to raw mouse movement.

• Pointer Lock API - Mouse lock specification.
• Element.requestPointerLock - Locking the pointer.

Gamepad API

Supporting game controllers in web applications.

• Gamepad API - Game controller support.
• Gamepad Interface - Accessing gamepad data.
• GamepadEvent - Gamepad connection events.

Media Capture

Accessing cameras, microphones, and screen recording.

• Media Capture and Streams - getUserMedia specification.
• MediaDevices API - Accessing media devices.
• MediaStream API - Representing media streams.
• MediaRecorder API - Recording media streams.
• Image Capture API - Taking photos from video devices.

Web Animations

Programmatic animation control and synchronization.

• Web Animations API - Animation model and API.
• Animation Interface - Controlling animations.
• KeyframeEffect - Keyframe animation effects.
• AnimationTimeline - Animation timeline control.

Web Crypto

Cryptographic operations in web applications.

• Web Cryptography API - Cryptographic operations specification.
• SubtleCrypto - Low-level cryptographic operations.
• CryptoKey - Cryptographic key representation.
• Crypto.getRandomValues - Cryptographically strong random values.

Encoding and Compression

Text encoding and data compression APIs.

• TextEncoder - Encoding strings to bytes.
• TextDecoder - Decoding bytes to strings.
• Compression Streams API - Stream compression and decompression.

Timing and Scheduling

APIs for precise timing and task scheduling.

• setTimeout/setInterval - Timer functions.
• requestAnimationFrame - Animation frame callbacks.
• requestIdleCallback - Idle period callbacks.
• Scheduler API - Task scheduling and prioritization.

History and Navigation

Managing browser history and navigation.

• History API - Session history manipulation.
• Navigation API - Modern navigation control.
• Location API - Current document location.

Console API

Debugging and logging interface.

• Console Standard - Console API specification.
• Console API - Logging and debugging methods.

Streams API

Processing sequences of data chunk by chunk.

• Streams Standard - Streams specification.
• ReadableStream - Readable byte streams.
• WritableStream - Writable byte streams.
• TransformStream - Stream transformation.

Broadcast Channel

Communication between browsing contexts.

• Broadcast Channel API - Cross-context messaging.
• BroadcastChannel - Simple broadcast messaging.

Channel Messaging

Message passing between different execution contexts.

• Channel Messaging API - Message channel specification.
• MessageChannel - Two-way communication channel.
• MessagePort - Message port interface.

Web Locks

Coordinating resource access across tabs and workers.

• Web Locks API - Asynchronous lock management.
• Lock - Lock interface.
• LockManager - Lock acquisition and release.

Trusted Types

Preventing DOM-based cross-site scripting vulnerabilities.

• Trusted Types - Trusted Types specification.
• TrustedHTML - Trusted HTML content.
• TrustedScript - Trusted script content.
• TrustedScriptURL - Trusted script URLs.

Reporting API

Collecting and reporting browser events and issues.

• Reporting API - Issue reporting mechanism.
• Report-To Header - Reporting endpoint configuration.
• Content Security Policy Reporting - CSP violation reports.
• Network Error Logging - Network error reporting.

HTTP and Networking Standards

HTTP Protocol

Core HTTP protocol specifications and features.

• HTTP/1.1 (RFC 7230-7235) - HTTP/1.1 specification.
• HTTP/2 (RFC 7540) - HTTP/2 specification.
• HTTP/3 (RFC 9114) - HTTP/3 over QUIC.
• HTTP Semantics (RFC 9110) - HTTP core semantics.
• HTTP Caching (RFC 9111) - HTTP caching specification.

HTTP Headers

Important HTTP headers for web applications.

• Common HTTP Headers - HTTP header reference.
• Cache-Control - Caching directives.
• Content-Type - Resource media type.
• Accept - Acceptable response types.
• Authorization - Authentication credentials.
• Cookie - HTTP cookies.
• Set-Cookie - Cookie setting.
• ETag - Resource version identifier.
• If-None-Match - Conditional request based on ETag.

HTTP Status Codes

Understanding HTTP response status codes.

• HTTP Status Codes - Status code specification.
• 1xx Informational - Request received, continuing.
• 2xx Success - Request successfully processed.
• 3xx Redirection - Further action needed.
• 4xx Client Errors - Client-side errors.
• 5xx Server Errors - Server-side errors.

TLS and Security

Transport Layer Security for secure communications.

• TLS 1.3 (RFC 8446) - TLS protocol specification.
• HTTPS - HTTP over TLS.
• Certificate Transparency - Public certificate logging.
• HSTS - HTTP Strict Transport Security.
• OCSP - Online Certificate Status Protocol.

Best Practices and Guidelines

Web Performance Best Practices

Optimizing web application performance.

• PRPL Pattern - Push, Render, Pre-cache, Lazy-load.
• Critical Rendering Path - Optimizing initial render.
• Code Splitting - Splitting JavaScript bundles.
• Tree Shaking - Removing unused code.
• Image Optimization - Optimizing image delivery.
• Font Loading Strategies - Optimal font loading.
• Minification - Code size reduction.

Security Best Practices

Securing web applications against common vulnerabilities.

• OWASP Top 10 - Top web security risks.
• XSS Prevention - Cross-site scripting prevention.
• CSRF Protection - Cross-site request forgery prevention.
• SQL Injection Prevention - SQL injection protection.
• Secure Headers - Security-related HTTP headers.
• Authentication Best Practices - Secure authentication.

Accessibility Best Practices

Building accessible web applications for all users.

• WCAG Quick Reference - WCAG guidelines reference.
• Keyboard Accessibility - Keyboard navigation support.
• Screen Reader Testing - Testing with screen readers.
• Color Contrast - Color contrast requirements.
• Focus Management - Managing focus states.
• Semantic HTML - Using semantic elements.
• Alt Text - Writing effective alt text.

SEO Best Practices

Optimizing web applications for search engines.

• Google Search Central - Google search documentation.
• Structured Data - Schema.org markup.
• Meta Tags - Essential meta tags for SEO.
• Open Graph Protocol - Social media preview tags.
• Twitter Cards - Twitter preview cards.
• Robots.txt - Crawler directives.
• Sitemap Protocol - XML sitemap specification.

Mobile Web Best Practices

Creating optimal mobile web experiences.

• Responsive Web Design - Responsive design principles.
• Mobile-First Design - Mobile-first approach.
• Touch Targets - Appropriate touch target sizes.
• Viewport Meta Tag - Viewport configuration.
• Fast Mobile Sites - Mobile performance optimization.

Design Patterns and Architectures

Web Application Architectures

Modern web application architectural patterns.

• Single Page Application (SPA) - Client-side rendering architecture.
• Progressive Enhancement - Layered enhancement approach.
• Server-Side Rendering (SSR) - Server-rendered applications.
• Static Site Generation (SSG) - Pre-rendered static sites.
• Micro Frontends - Decomposed frontend architecture.
• Jamstack - JavaScript, APIs, and Markup architecture.

API Design Patterns

Designing robust web APIs.

• REST - Representational State Transfer.
• GraphQL - Query language for APIs.
• gRPC-Web - RPC framework for web.
• JSON-RPC - Remote procedure call protocol.
• OpenAPI - API specification standard.
• JSON:API - JSON API specification.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please read the contribution guidelines before submitting.

Guidelines

• Ensure your contribution fits the theme of web standards, specifications, and browser APIs.
• Provide links to official specifications or authoritative documentation.
• Check that your link is not already included.
• Follow the existing format and style.
• Add your contribution to the appropriate category.
• Create a new category if needed, but ensure it's distinct and necessary.
• Write clear and concise descriptions.
• Ensure all links are working and point to the correct resources.
• For new standards or APIs, include a brief description of their purpose.

Submission Process

1. Fork this repository.
2. Create a new branch for your contribution.
3. Add your changes following the guidelines above.
4. Ensure your changes maintain alphabetical order within categories.
5. Submit a pull request with a clear description of your additions.
6. Respond to any feedback during the review process.

Quality Standards

• Links must point to official specifications, documentation, or highly authoritative sources.
• Prefer W3C, WHATWG, TC39, or MDN documentation over third-party sources.
• Ensure the resource is actively maintained and not deprecated.
• Include the most recent version of specifications when available.
• Verify that all links are accessible and not behind paywalls.

Content Requirements

• Use proper markdown formatting.
• Maintain consistent heading levels.
• Include brief but informative descriptions.
• Link text should be descriptive and meaningful.
• Avoid promotional language or bias.
• Focus on educational and reference value.

Thank you for helping make this resource better for the web development community!

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Note: This is a living document that evolves with web standards. Standards and specifications are continuously updated, and new features are regularly added to the web platform. Always refer to the official specifications for the most current information.