Efficient Diffusion Language Models (DLMs)

This is list of papers on efficient DLMs. Please open an issue if you want to request a paper.

Must Read

• LLaDA: Large Language Diffusion Models Paper
• Dream 7B: Diffusion Large Language Models Paper
• Block Diffusion: INTERPOLATING BETWEEN AUTOREGRESSIVE AND DIFFUSION LANGUAGE MODELS [ICLR'25] Paper

Sampling

• [11/24/2025] CDLM: Consistency Diffusion Language Models For Faster Sampling Paper

Variable Length

• [09/30/2025] dParallel: Learnable Parallel Decoding for dLLMs Paper
• [09/29/2025] Fast and Fluent Diffusion Language Models via Convolutional Decoding and Rejective Fine-tuning Paper
• [09/28/2025] Sequential Diffusion Language Models Paper
• [09/07/2025] Any Order Flexible Length Masked Diffusion Paper
• [10/28/2025] Diffusion LLM with Native Variable Generation Lengths: Let [EOS] Lead the Way Paper

Block-wise

• [12/07/2025] From Next-Token to Next-Block: A Principled Adaptation Path for Diffusion LLMs Paper
• [09/28/2025] Don't Settle Too Early: Self-reflective Remasking for Diffusion Language Models Paper
• [08/23/2025] DPad: Efficient Diffusion Language Models with Suffix Dropout Paper
• [09/22/2025] Spiffy: Multiplying Diffusion LLM Acceleration via Lossless Speculative Decoding Paper
• [05/30/2025] Accelerated Sampling from Masked Diffusion Models via Entropy Bounded Unmasking Paper
• [10/01/2025] Fine-Tuning Masked Diffusion FOR PROVABLE SELF-CORRECTION Paper

KV Cach

• [09/30/2025] Fast-dLLM v2: Efficient Block-Diffusion LLM Paper
• [09/27/2025] d2Cache: Accelerating Diffusion-Based LLMs via Dual Adaptive Caching Paper

Distillation

• [10/01/2025] Ultra-Fast Language Generation via Discrete Diffusion Divergence Instruct Paper
• [09/14/2025] The Diffusion Duality Paper
• [02/06/2025] Beyond Autoregressive: Fast LLMs via Self-Distillation Through Time Paper

Flow Matching

• [09/24/2025] FS-DFM: Fast and Accurate Long Text Generation with Few-Step Diffusion Paper
• [07/22/2024] Descrite Flow Matching Paper

Reasoning

• [12/10/2025] d-TreeRPO: Towards More Reliable Policy Optimization for Diffusion Language Models Paper
• [05/21/2025] Reinforcing the Diffusion Chain of Lateral Thought with Diffusion Language Models Paper
• [04/16/2025] d1: Scaling Reasoning in Diffusion Large Language Models via Reinforcement Learning Paper
• [10/24/2025] MRO: Enhancing Reasoning in Diffusion Language Models via Multi-Reward Optimization Paper
• [10/31/2025] Diffuse Thinking: Exploring Diffusion Language Models as Efficient Thought Proposers for Reasoning Paper

Unsorted

• [09/27/2025] Planner Aware Path Learning in Diffusion Language Models Training Paper
• [05/27/2025] Non-Markovian Discrete Diffusion with Causal Language Models Paper
• [05/27/2025] DiffuCoder: Understanding and Improving Masked Diffusion Models for Code Generation Paper
• [03/24/2025] Anchored Diffusion Language Model Paper
• [10/07/2025] Variational Masked Diffusion Models Paper