feat(azure): add support for Azure China + US Government

[dronenb]

Description

This PR adds support for Azure China and Azure US Government

Fixes: #692, #672

Replaces: #673

Checklist

Please make sure that your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• Reviewed the guidelines for contributing to this repository
• The commit message follows the Conventional Commits Guidelines.
• Tests for the changes have been updated
• Are you adding dependencies? If so, please run go mod tidy -compat=1.22.7 to ensure only the minimum is pulled in.
• Docs have been added / updated
• Optional. My organization is added to USERS.md.

Type of Change

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, local variables)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
• New tests
• Build/CI related changes
• Documentation content changes
• Other (please describe)

Other information

The cloud names are consistent with that found in az cloud list | jq -r '.[].name':

AzureCloud
AzureChinaCloud
AzureUSGovernment
AzureGermanCloud

AzureGermanCloud was decommissioned. As such, the only three relevant clouds should now be supported. Support for Azure Stack Cloud could be a future enhancement.

I have tested this with AzureCloud and AzureChinaCloud. I do not have access to an AzureUSGovernment tenant but I see no reason why it shouldn't work.