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[#1135] improvement(docs): Add docs about tables advanced feature lik…
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…e partitioning (#1203)

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Add docs about the details of table partitioning, bucketing, and sorting
order.

### Why are the changes needed?

The document is mandatory for users. 

Fix: #1135 

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

N/A

### How was this patch tested?

N/A

---------

Co-authored-by: Jerry Shao <jerryshao@datastrato.com>
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yuqi1129 and jerryshao authored Jan 2, 2024
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220 changes: 46 additions & 174 deletions docs/manage-metadata-using-gravitino.md
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Expand Up @@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ You can create a metalake by sending a `POST` request to the `/api/metalakes` en
The following is an example of creating a metalake:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name":"metalake","comment":"comment","properties":{}}' \
http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ GravitinoMetaLake newMetalake = gravitinoClient.createMetalake(
You can create a metalake by sending a `GET` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of loading a metalake:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake
```
Expand All @@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ GravitinoMetaLake loaded = gravitinoClient.loadMetalake(
You can modify a metalake by sending a `PUT` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of altering a metalake:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X PUT -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"updates": [
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ Currently, Gravitino supports the following changes to a metalake:
You can remove a metalake by sending a `DELETE` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of dropping a metalake:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X DELETE -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ Drop a metalake only removes metadata about the metalake and catalogs, schemas,
You can list metalakes by sending a `GET` request to the `/api/metalakes` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of listing all metalake name:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -198,9 +198,9 @@ The code below is an example of creating a Hive catalog. For other catalogs, the
You can create a catalog by sending a `POST` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of creating a catalog:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"name": "catalog",
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -256,9 +256,9 @@ Currently, Gravitino supports the following catalog providers:
You can load a catalog by sending a `GET` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of loading a catalog:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs/catalog
```
Expand All @@ -284,9 +284,9 @@ Catalog catalog = gravitinoMetaLake.loadCatalog(NameIdentifier.of("metalake", "c
You can modify a catalog by sending a `PUT` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of altering a catalog:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X PUT -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"updates": [
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -334,9 +334,9 @@ Currently, Gravitino supports the following changes to a catalog:
You can remove a catalog by sending a `DELETE` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of dropping a catalog:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X DELETE -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs/catalog
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -368,9 +368,9 @@ You can list all catalogs under a metalake by sending a `GET` request to the `/a
a metalake:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -403,9 +403,9 @@ Users should create a metalake and a catalog before creating a schema.
You can create a schema by sending a `POST` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of creating a schema:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"name": "schema",
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -460,9 +460,9 @@ Currently, Gravitino supports the following schema property:
You can create a schema by sending a `GET` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of loading a schema:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET \-H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs/catalog/schemas/schema
Expand All @@ -488,9 +488,9 @@ Schema schema = supportsSchemas.loadSchema(NameIdentifier.of("metalake", "catalo
You can change a schema by sending a `PUT` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of modifying a schema:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X PUT -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"updates": [
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -536,9 +536,9 @@ Currently, Gravitino supports the following changes to a schema:
You can remove a schema by sending a `DELETE` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of dropping a schema:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
// cascade can be true or false
curl -X DELETE -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -571,9 +571,9 @@ You can alter all schemas under a catalog by sending a `GET` request to the `/ap


<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs/catalog/schemas
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -604,9 +604,9 @@ Users should create a metalake, a catalog and a schema before creating a table.
You can create a table by sending a `POST` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}/tables` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of creating a table:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"name": "table",
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -730,142 +730,14 @@ The following is the table property that Gravitino supports:

In addition to the basic settings, Gravitino supports the following features:

| Feature | Description | Java doc |
|---------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Partitioned table | Equal to `PARTITION BY` in Apache Hive and other engine that support partitioning. | [Partition](pathname:///docs/0.3.0/api/java/com/datastrato/gravitino/dto/rel/partitions/Partitioning.html) |
| Bucketed table | Equal to `CLUSTERED BY` in Apache Hive, some engine may use different words to describe it. | [Distribution](pathname:///docs/0.3.0/api/java/com/datastrato/gravitino/rel/expressions/distributions/Distribution.html) |
| Sorted order table | Equal to `SORTED BY` in Apache Hive, some engine may use different words to describe it. | [SortOrder](pathname:///docs/0.3.0/api/java/com/datastrato/gravitino/rel/expressions/sorts/SortOrder.html) |
| Feature | Description | Java doc |
|---------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Table partitioning | Equal to `PARTITION BY` in Apache Hive, It is a partitioning strategy that is used to split a table into parts based on partition keys. Some table engine may not support this feature | [Partition](pathname:///docs/0.3.0/api/java/com/datastrato/gravitino/dto/rel/partitions/Partitioning.html) |
| Table bucketing | Equal to `CLUSTERED BY` in Apache Hive, Bucketing a.k.a (Clustering) is a technique to split the data into more manageable files/parts, (By specifying the number of buckets to create). The value of the bucketing column will be hashed by a user-defined number into buckets. | [Distribution](pathname:///docs/0.3.0/api/java/com/datastrato/gravitino/rel/expressions/distributions/Distribution.html) |
| Table sort ordering | Equal to `SORTED BY` in Apache Hive, sort ordering is a method to sort the data by specific ways such as by a column or a function and then store table data. it will highly improve the query performance under certain scenarios. | [SortOrder](pathname:///docs/0.3.0/api/java/com/datastrato/gravitino/rel/expressions/sorts/SortOrder.html) |

:::tip
**Not all catalogs may support those features.**. Please refer to the related document for more details.
:::

The following is an example of creating a partitioned, bucketed table and sorted order table:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">

```bash
curl -X POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"name": "table",
"columns": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "integer",
"nullable": true,
"comment": "Id of the user"
},
{
"name": "name",
"type": "varchar(2000)",
"nullable": true,
"comment": "Name of the user"
},
{
"name": "age",
"type": "short",
"nullable": true,
"comment": "Age of the user"
},
{
"name": "score",
"type": "double",
"nullable": true,
"comment": "Score of the user"
}
],
"comment": "Create a new Table",
"properties": {
"format": "ORC"
},
"partitioning": [
{
"strategy": "identity",
"fieldName": ["score"]
}
],
"distribution": {
"strategy": "hash",
"number": 4,
"funcArgs": [
{
"type": "field",
"fieldName": ["score"]
}
]
},
"sortOrders": [
{
"direction": "asc",
"nullOrder": "NULLS_LAST",
"sortTerm": {
"type": "field",
"fieldName": ["name"]
}
}
]
}' http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs/catalog/schemas/schema/tables
```

</TabItem>
<TabItem value="java" label="Java">

```java
tableCatalog.createTable(
NameIdentifier.of("metalake", "hive_catalog", "schema", "table"),
new ColumnDTO[] {
ColumnDTO.builder()
.withComment("Id of the user")
.withName("id")
.withDataType(Types.IntegerType.get())
.withNullable(true)
.build(),
ColumnDTO.builder()
.withComment("Name of the user")
.withName("name")
.withDataType(Types.VarCharType.of(1000))
.withNullable(true)
.build(),
ColumnDTO.builder()
.withComment("Age of the user")
.withName("age")
.withDataType(Types.ShortType.get())
.withNullable(true)
.build(),

ColumnDTO.builder()
.withComment("Score of the user")
.withName("score")
.withDataType(Types.DoubleType.get())
.withNullable(true)
.build(),
},
"Create a new Table",
tablePropertiesMap,
new Transform[] {
// Partition by id
Transforms.identity("score")
},
// CLUSTERED BY id
new DistributionDTO.Builder()
.withStrategy(Strategy.HASH)
.withNumber(4)
.withArgs(FieldReferenceDTO.of("id"))
.build(),
// SORTED BY name asc
new SortOrderDTO[] {
new SortOrderDTO.Builder()
.withDirection(SortDirection.ASCENDING)
.withNullOrder(NullOrdering.NULLS_LAST)
.withSortTerm(FieldReferenceDTO.of("name"))
.build()
}
);
```

</TabItem>
</Tabs>
For more information, please see the related document on [partitioning, bucketing, and sorting](table-partitioning-bucketing-sort-order.md).

:::note
The code above is an example of creating a Hive table. For other catalogs, the code is similar, but the supported column type, table properties may be different. For more details, please refer to the related doc.
Expand All @@ -876,9 +748,9 @@ The code above is an example of creating a Hive table. For other catalogs, the c
You can load a table by sending a `GET` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}/tables/{table_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of loading a table:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs/catalog/schemas/schema/tables/table
Expand All @@ -905,9 +777,9 @@ tableCatalog.loadTable(NameIdentifier.of("metalake", "hive_catalog", "schema", "
You can modify a table by sending a `PUT` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}/tables/{table_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of modifying a table:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X PUT -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"updates": [
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -962,9 +834,9 @@ Currently, Gravitino supports the following changes to a table:
You can remove a table by sending a `DELETE` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}/tables/{table_name}` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of dropping a table:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
## purge can be true or false, if purge is true, Gravitino will remove the data of the table.

curl -X DELETE -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1001,9 +873,9 @@ Apache Hive support both, `dropTable` will only remove the metadata of a table a
You can list all tables in a schema by sending a `GET` request to the `/api/metalakes/{metalake_name}/catalogs/{catalog_name}/schemas/{schema_name}/tables` endpoint or just use the Gravitino Java client. The following is an example of list all tables in a schema:

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="bash" label="Bash">
<TabItem value="shell" label="Shell">

```bash
```shell
curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
http://localhost:8090/api/metalakes/metalake/catalogs/catalog/schemas/schema/tables
Expand Down
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