[feature-wip](multi-catalog)(fix) federation query failed

[AshinGau]

Proposed changes

Problem Summary:

Fix #10521, multi-catalog query failed for two reasons:

1. The SelectStmt does not get the correct catalog.
2. External table should have three level aliases.

Disable querying external views.
Support show create table for external table&view.

Usage

Without ambiguity, four formats of select columns and three formats of from tables are supported.

select columns

1. select col from
2. select tbl.col from
3. select db.tbl.col from
4. select ctl.db.tbl.col from

from tables

1. select col from tbl
2. select col from db.tbl
3. select col from ctl.db.tbl

q3 in tpch

take q3 in tpch as an example:

SELECT
  l_orderkey, -- no table prefix
  sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) AS revenue,
  o_orderdate,
  o_shippriority
FROM
  dtest.customer,
  dtest.orders,
  hive.hdb.lineitem
WHERE
  c_mktsegment = 'BUILDING'
  AND c_custkey = o_custkey
  AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
  AND o_orderdate < DATE '1995-03-15'
  AND l_shipdate > DATE '1995-03-15'
GROUP BY
  l_orderkey,
  o_orderdate,
  o_shippriority
ORDER BY
  revenue DESC,
  o_orderdate
LIMIT 10;

SELECT
  lineitem.l_orderkey, -- with table prefix
  sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) AS revenue,
  o_orderdate,
  o_shippriority
FROM
  dtest.customer,
  dtest.orders,
  hive.hdb.lineitem
WHERE
  c_mktsegment = 'BUILDING'
  AND c_custkey = o_custkey
  AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
  AND o_orderdate < DATE '1995-03-15'
  AND l_shipdate > DATE '1995-03-15'
GROUP BY
  l_orderkey,
  o_orderdate,
  o_shippriority
ORDER BY
  revenue DESC,
  o_orderdate
LIMIT 10;

SELECT
  hdb.lineitem.l_orderkey, -- with database prefix
  sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) AS revenue,
  o_orderdate,
  o_shippriority
FROM
  dtest.customer,
  dtest.orders,
  hive.hdb.lineitem
WHERE
  c_mktsegment = 'BUILDING'
  AND c_custkey = o_custkey
  AND l_orderkey = o_orderkey
  AND o_orderdate < DATE '1995-03-15'
  AND l_shipdate > DATE '1995-03-15'
GROUP BY
  l_orderkey,
  o_orderdate,
  o_shippriority
ORDER BY
  revenue DESC,
  o_orderdate
LIMIT 10;

SELECT
  hive.hdb.lineitem.l_orderkey, -- with catalog prefix
  sum(hive.hdb.lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1 - hive.hdb.lineitem.l_discount)) AS revenue,
  internal.dtest.orders.o_orderdate,
  internal.dtest.orders.o_shippriority
FROM
  internal.dtest.customer,
  internal.dtest.orders,
  hive.hdb.lineitem
WHERE
  c_mktsegment = 'BUILDING'
  AND internal.dtest.customer.c_custkey = internal.dtest.orders.o_custkey
  AND hive.hdb.lineitem.l_orderkey = internal.dtest.orders.o_orderkey
  AND internal.dtest.orders.o_orderdate < DATE '1995-03-15'
  AND hive.hdb.lineitem.l_shipdate > DATE '1995-03-15'
GROUP BY
  hive.hdb.lineitem.l_orderkey,
  internal.dtest.orders.o_orderdate,
  internal.dtest.orders.o_shippriority
ORDER BY
  revenue DESC,
  internal.dtest.orders.o_orderdate
LIMIT 10;

Checklist(Required)

1. Does it affect the original behavior: (No)
2. Has unit tests been added: (No)
3. Has document been added or modified: (No)
4. Does it need to update dependencies: (No)
5. Are there any changes that cannot be rolled back: (No)

Further comments

If this is a relatively large or complex change, kick off the discussion at dev@doris.apache.org by explaining why you chose the solution you did and what alternatives you considered, etc...

[morningman]

LGTM

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.