Port tests in `partitioned_csv.rs` to sqllogictest

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

Part of #6195. We are trying to

1. keep the DataFusion code base clean and easy to contribute to and modify
2. Understand what features are covered and what are not

Part of doing so is having a single location for most test coverage so new tests can be added easily and people can follow the existing patterns easily

Describe the solution you'd like

Port the tests in https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/blob/main/datafusion/core/tests/sql/partitioned_csv.rs to
partitioned_csv.slt in https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/tree/main/datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files

Note you can create catalogs and schema via SQL now

Catalogs: https://arrow.apache.org/datafusion/user-guide/sql/ddl.html#create-database
Schema: https://arrow.apache.org/datafusion/user-guide/sql/ddl.html#create-schema

Notes:

1. Instructions for running sqllogitest are here: https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/tree/main/datafusion/sqllogictest