Support empty array for `array_union`, `array_intersect`, and `array_except`

[jayzhan211]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

We cant deal with empty array for these three array function

Result

query ?
select array_union([], []);
----
NULL

query ?
select array_except([], []);
----
NULL

query error
select array_intersect([], []);
----
DataFusion error: Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed
caused by
Internal error: could not cast value to arrow_array::array::list_array::GenericListArray<i32>.
This was likely caused by a bug in DataFusion's code and we would welcome that you file an bug report in our issue tracker

Expected

query ?
select array_union([], []);
----
[]

query ?
select array_except([], []);
----
[]

query error
select array_intersect([], []);
----
[]

Describe the solution you'd like

Able to deal with empty array

Describe alternatives you've considered

None

Additional context

IIRC empty array has been an issue for long, we can't differentiate it from null array, so I think this issue is not only for these three array functions. I had traced this issue before but ends up nothing and work on other tasks, if anyone is interesting, welcome to pick it up.

[Veeupup]

FYI. I have tried these functions locally, I find that these functions can handle empty arrays but not List(NullArray)

❯ select array_union(make_array([]), make_array([]));
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| array_union(make_array(List([NullArray(0)])),make_array(List([NullArray(0)]))) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| []                                                                             |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set. Query took 0.002 seconds.

❯ select array_intersect(make_array([]), make_array([]));
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| array_intersect(make_array(List([NullArray(0)])),make_array(List([NullArray(0)]))) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| []                                                                                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set. Query took 0.002 seconds.

❯ select array_except(make_array([]), make_array([]));
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| array_except(make_array(List([NullArray(0)])),make_array(List([NullArray(0)]))) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| []                                                                              |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set. Query took 0.002 seconds.

but if we just use [], it will be converted to

❯ select [];
+----------------------+
| List([NullArray(0)]) |
+----------------------+
+----------------------+
0 rows in set. Query took 0.001 seconds.

In fact, we can not distinguish [] and null here

[Veeupup]

I'm trying to fix this

[jayzhan211]

If we can reuse make_array workflow for sql_array_literal, it would be great!
https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/blob/325a3fbe7623d3df0ab64867545c4d93a0c96015/datafusion/sql/src/expr/value.rs#L128-L165

[Veeupup]

how about behaviors like below:

for array_union:

array_union([], []) = []
array_union([], null) = []
array_union(null, []) = []
array_union(null, null) = null

for array_except:

array_except([], []) = []
array_except([], null) = []
array_except(null, []) = null
array_except(null, null) = null

for array_intersect:

array_intersect([], []) = []
array_intersect([], null) = []
array_intersect(null, []) = []
array_intersect(null, null) = null