perf: Add option to replace SortMergeJoin with ShuffledHashJoin

NOTICE.txt

@@ -5,4 +5,9 @@ This product includes software developed at
 The Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/).
 
 This product includes software from the twox-hash project (MIT License)
-https://github.com/shepmaster/twox-hash
+https://github.com/shepmaster/twox-hash
+
+This product includes software developed at
+Apache Gluten (https://github.com/apache/incubator-gluten/)
+Specifically:
+- Optimizer rule to replace SortMergeJoin with ShuffleHashJoin

common/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/CometConf.scala

@@ -263,6 +263,14 @@ object CometConf extends ShimCometConf {
       .booleanConf
       .createWithDefault(false)
 
+  val COMET_REPLACE_SMJ: ConfigEntry[Boolean] =
+    conf(s"$COMET_EXEC_CONFIG_PREFIX.replaceSortMergeJoin")
+      .doc("Experimental feature to force Spark to replace SortMergeJoin with ShuffledHashJoin " +
+        "for improved performance. See tuning guide for more information regarding stability of " +
+        "this feature.")
+      .booleanConf
+      .createWithDefault(false)
+
   val COMET_EXEC_SHUFFLE_CODEC: ConfigEntry[String] = conf(
     s"$COMET_EXEC_CONFIG_PREFIX.shuffle.codec")
     .doc(

docs/source/contributor-guide/benchmarking.md

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ $SPARK_HOME/bin/spark-submit \
     --conf spark.executor.extraClassPath=$COMET_JAR \
     --conf spark.plugins=org.apache.spark.CometPlugin \
     --conf spark.comet.cast.allowIncompatible=true \
+    --conf spark.comet.exec.replaceSortMergeJoin=true \
     --conf spark.comet.exec.shuffle.enabled=true \
     --conf spark.shuffle.manager=org.apache.spark.sql.comet.execution.shuffle.CometShuffleManager \
     tpcbench.py \

docs/source/user-guide/configs.md

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ Comet provides the following configuration settings.
 | spark.comet.exec.localLimit.enabled | Whether to enable localLimit by default. | true |
 | spark.comet.exec.memoryFraction | The fraction of memory from Comet memory overhead that the native memory manager can use for execution. The purpose of this config is to set aside memory for untracked data structures, as well as imprecise size estimation during memory acquisition. Default value is 0.7. | 0.7 |
 | spark.comet.exec.project.enabled | Whether to enable project by default. | true |
+| spark.comet.exec.replaceSortMergeJoin | Experimental feature to force Spark to replace SortMergeJoin with ShuffledHashJoin for improved performance. See tuning guide for more information regarding stability of this feature. | false |
 | spark.comet.exec.shuffle.codec | The codec of Comet native shuffle used to compress shuffle data. Only zstd is supported. | zstd |
 | spark.comet.exec.shuffle.enabled | Whether to enable Comet native shuffle. Note that this requires setting 'spark.shuffle.manager' to 'org.apache.spark.sql.comet.execution.shuffle.CometShuffleManager'. 'spark.shuffle.manager' must be set before starting the Spark application and cannot be changed during the application. | true |
 | spark.comet.exec.sort.enabled | Whether to enable sort by default. | true |

docs/source/user-guide/tuning.md

@@ -78,6 +78,18 @@ Note that there is currently a known issue where this will be inaccurate when us
 does not take executor concurrency into account. The tracking issue for this is
 https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/issues/949.
 
+## Optimizing Joins
+
+Spark often chooses `SortMergeJoin` over `ShuffledHashJoin` for stability reasons. If the build-side of a
+`ShuffledHashJoin` is very large then it could lead to OOM in Spark.
+
+Vectorized query engines tend to perform better with `ShuffledHashJoin`, so for best performance it is often preferable
+to configure Comet to convert `SortMergeJoin` to `ShuffledHashJoin`. Comet does not yet provide spill-to-disk for
+`ShuffledHashJoin` so this could result in OOM. Also, `SortMergeJoin` may still be faster in some cases. It is best
+to test with both for your specific workloads.
+
+To configure Comet to convert `SortMergeJoin` to `ShuffledHashJoin`, set `spark.comet.exec.replaceSortMergeJoin=true`.
+
 ## Shuffle
 
 Comet provides accelerated shuffle implementations that can be used to improve the performance of your queries.

spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/CometSparkSessionExtensions.scala

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import org.apache.comet.CometConf._
 import org.apache.comet.CometExplainInfo.getActualPlan
 import org.apache.comet.CometSparkSessionExtensions.{createMessage, getCometBroadcastNotEnabledReason, getCometShuffleNotEnabledReason, isANSIEnabled, isCometBroadCastForceEnabled, isCometEnabled, isCometExecEnabled, isCometJVMShuffleMode, isCometNativeShuffleMode, isCometScan, isCometScanEnabled, isCometShuffleEnabled, isSpark34Plus, isSpark40Plus, shouldApplySparkToColumnar, withInfo, withInfos}
 import org.apache.comet.parquet.{CometParquetScan, SupportsComet}
+import org.apache.comet.rules.RewriteJoin
 import org.apache.comet.serde.OperatorOuterClass.Operator
 import org.apache.comet.serde.QueryPlanSerde
 import org.apache.comet.shims.ShimCometSparkSessionExtensions
@@ -938,7 +939,15 @@ class CometSparkSessionExtensions
           plan
         }
       } else {
-        var newPlan = transform(normalizePlan(plan))
+        val normalizedPlan = if (CometConf.COMET_REPLACE_SMJ.get()) {
+          normalizePlan(plan).transformUp { case p =>
+            RewriteJoin.rewrite(p)
+          }
+        } else {
+          normalizePlan(plan)
+        }
+
+        var newPlan = transform(normalizedPlan)
 
         // if the plan cannot be run fully natively then explain why (when appropriate
         // config is enabled)

spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/rules/RewriteJoin.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.comet.rules
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer.{BuildLeft, BuildRight, BuildSide, JoinSelectionHelper}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.{JoinType, LeftSemi}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.{SortExec, SparkPlan}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.joins.{ShuffledHashJoinExec, SortMergeJoinExec}
+
+/**
+ * Adapted from equivalent rule in Apache Gluten.
+ *
+ * This rule replaces [[SortMergeJoinExec]] with [[ShuffledHashJoinExec]].
+ */
+object RewriteJoin extends JoinSelectionHelper {
+
+  private def getBuildSide(joinType: JoinType): Option[BuildSide] = {
+    if (canBuildShuffledHashJoinRight(joinType)) {
+      Some(BuildRight)
+    } else if (canBuildShuffledHashJoinLeft(joinType)) {
+      Some(BuildLeft)
+    } else {
+      None
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def removeSort(plan: SparkPlan) = plan match {
+    case _: SortExec => plan.children.head
+    case _ => plan
+  }
+
+  def rewrite(plan: SparkPlan): SparkPlan = plan match {
+    case smj: SortMergeJoinExec =>
+      getBuildSide(smj.joinType) match {
+        case Some(BuildRight) if smj.joinType == LeftSemi =>
+          // TODO this was added as a workaround for TPC-DS q14 hanging and needs
+          // further investigation
+          plan
+        case Some(buildSide) =>
+          ShuffledHashJoinExec(
+            smj.leftKeys,
+            smj.rightKeys,
+            smj.joinType,
+            buildSide,
+            smj.condition,
+            removeSort(smj.left),
+            removeSort(smj.right),
+            smj.isSkewJoin)
+        case _ => plan
+      }
+    case _ => plan
+  }
+}