chore: update ci workflow & add CodeQL

[erisu]

• Update GHA CI Workflow
• Expand the on block
• Add permissions block
• Update node test range for 20, 22, and 24
• Update workflow dependencies
• Add CodeQL

[github-advanced-security]

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.97%. Comparing base (5447827) to head (59a4e45).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #147   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   89.97%   89.97%           
=======================================
  Files           6        6           
  Lines        2374     2374           
=======================================
  Hits         2136     2136           
  Misses        238      238           

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