GH-14842: [C++] Propagate some errors in JSON chunker

[benibus]

• Closes: [C++] Propagate some errors in JSON chunker #14842

[github-actions]

• Closes: [C++] Propagate some errors in JSON chunker #14842

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #14842 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #14842 has no components, please add labels for components.

[pitrou]

Two things:

1. the parser isn't very strict either, perhaps we can improve it to return an error here?

>>> json.read_json(pa.py_buffer(b"""}"""))
pyarrow.Table

----

2. the error message could be better, for example "invalid data at end of document"

[benibus]

Thanks, @pitrou. This should be all set for a second look.

[pitrou]

Thanks for the update @benibus !

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = fb58d89 and contender = 2f945c7. 2f945c7 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished ⬇️0.23% ⬆️0.03%] test-mac-arm
[Finished ⬇️0.27% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.28% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] 2f945c72 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] 2f945c72 test-mac-arm
[Finished] 2f945c72 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 2f945c72 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] fb58d894 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished] fb58d894 test-mac-arm
[Finished] fb58d894 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] fb58d894 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java