[C++] Add string slice replace kernel

[asfimport]

This should implement substring positional replacement, like [pandas.Series.str.slice_replace|https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.Series.str.slice_replace.html]

Reporter: Ian Cook / @ianmcook
Assignee: David Li / @lidavidm

Related issues:

• [C++] String algorithm library for StringArray/BinaryArray (is a child of)
• [C++] Add scalar string slicing/substring extract kernel (relates to)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #10494

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12948. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 10494
#10494