Nested Schema Projection

[tustvold]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

Currently we only provide APIs for projecting root columns of an arrow schema, that is there is no easy mechanism to project parts of nested columns. This is despite both the arrow-json reader and parquet readers supporting this.

This lack of support has come up a few times recently:

• Parquet: clear metadata and project fields of ParquetRecordBatchStream::schema #5135 (comment)
• Extract parquet statistics to its own module, add tests datafusion#8294
• Introduce ProjectionMask To Allow Nested Projection Pushdown datafusion#2581
  Describe the solution you'd like

I would like an API that makes it easy to perform nested projection on a schema

Describe alternatives you've considered

Additional context

[tustvold]

label_issue.py automatically added labels {'arrow'} from #5149