SQLite vs PostgreSQL Performance & Comparison (2026)

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# New Video - https://youtu.be/hQGE_CAo1PE
+# New Video - https://youtu.be/Sq2B-LIZzjw
 
-[<img src="assets/276.png?raw=true">](https://youtu.be/hQGE_CAo1PE)
+[<img src="assets/277.png?raw=true">](https://youtu.be/Sq2B-LIZzjw)
 
 # Consulting
 

docs/contents.md

@@ -196,3 +196,4 @@
 - [274 - Protobuf vs JSON: Performance Benchmark & Size](../lessons/274)
 - [275 - Go (Golang) vs TypeScript: Performance Benchmark](../lessons/275)
 - [276 - Python vs JavaScript Performance: Best Backend Language 2026 (FastAPI vs Bun)](../lessons/276)
+- [277 - SQLite vs PostgreSQL Performance & Comparison (2026)](../lessons/277)

lessons/277/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Python vs JavaScript Performance: Best Backend Language 2026 (FastAPI vs Bun)
+
+You can find tutorial [here](https://youtu.be/hQGE_CAo1PE).
+
+## Schema
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE customer (
+  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  username VARCHAR(50),
+  first_name VARCHAR(50),
+  last_name VARCHAR(50),
+  address VARCHAR(255)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE product (
+  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  name VARCHAR(100),
+  price DECIMAL(10,2),
+  stock_quantity INTEGER
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE cart (
+  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  customer_id BIGINT REFERENCES customer(id),
+  total DECIMAL(10,2)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE cart_item (
+  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  cart_id BIGINT REFERENCES cart(id),
+  product_id BIGINT REFERENCES product(id),
+  quantity INTEGER
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE "order" (
+  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  customer_id BIGINT REFERENCES customer(id),
+  total DECIMAL(10,2)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE order_item (
+  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  order_id BIGINT REFERENCES "order"(id),
+  product_id BIGINT REFERENCES product(id),
+  quantity INTEGER
+);
+
+-- Create index on all foreign key columns for faster query performance.
+CREATE INDEX cart_customer_id_idx ON cart (customer_id);
+CREATE INDEX cart_item_cart_id_idx ON cart_item (cart_id);
+CREATE INDEX cart_item_product_id_idx ON cart_item (product_id);
+CREATE INDEX order_customer_id_idx ON "order" (customer_id);
+CREATE INDEX order_item_order_id_idx ON order_item (order_id);
+CREATE INDEX order_item_product_id_idx ON order_item (product_id);
+
+-- Insert customers
+INSERT INTO customer(username, first_name, last_name, address)
+VALUES
+  ('vmartin', 'Victor', 'Martin', '994 Lowndes Hill Park Road'),
+  ('chauk', 'Christopher', 'Hauk', '4505 Cunningham Court'),
+  ('hyoung', 'Howard', 'Young', '2001 Fairfax Drive'),
+  ('jballard', 'John', 'Ballard', '1034 Ethels Lane'),
+  ('jevans', 'James', 'Evans', '4669 Keyser Ridge Road'),
+  ('egonzalez', 'Edgar', 'Gonzalez', '841 Marietta Street'),
+  ('rbrumbelow', 'Ronald', 'Brumbelow', '4168 Rhapsody Street'),
+  ('rharris', 'Raphael', 'Harris', '26 Red Bud Lane'),
+  ('tfanning', 'Terry', 'Fanning', '2864 Bungalow Road'),
+  ('ckelley', 'Claude', 'Kelley', '4896 Jarvisville Road');
+
+-- Insert products
+INSERT INTO product(name, price, stock_quantity)
+VALUES
+  ('Shampoo', 7.90, 100),
+  ('Hairspray', 12.30, 100),
+  ('Nail clippers', 19.00, 100),
+  ('Towels', 32.80, 100),
+  ('Conditioner', 8.80, 100),
+  ('Detangler', 12.90, 100),
+  ('Body wash ', 10.10, 100),
+  ('Toilet paper ', 6.70, 100),
+  ('Plunger', 23.90, 100),
+  ('Mousse', 13.50, 100);
+```
+
+## Test
+
+```sql
+-- Create shopping cart
+INSERT INTO cart(customer_id, total) VALUES (4, 0);
+
+-- Add body wash to the cart
+INSERT INTO cart_item(cart_id, product_id, quantity) VALUES (1, 7, 1);
+
+-- Update value of the cart
+UPDATE cart SET total = 10.10 WHERE customer_id = 4;
+
+-- Create an order
+INSERT INTO "order"(customer_id, total) VALUES (4, 25.90);
+
+-- Add body wash to the order
+INSERT INTO order_item(order_id, product_id, quantity) VALUES (1, 7, 1);
+
+-- Reduce the stock quantity of the body wash
+UPDATE product SET stock_quantity = 99 WHERE id = 7;
+
+-- Delete shopping cart and items
+DELETE FROM cart_item WHERE cart_id = 1;
+DELETE FROM cart WHERE id = 1;
+
+-- Select the order
+SELECT 
+    oi.id AS order_item_id,
+    p.name AS product_name,
+    oi.quantity,
+    p.price,
+    (oi.quantity * p.price) AS total_item_price
+FROM order_item oi
+JOIN product p ON oi.product_id = p.id
+WHERE oi.order_id = 1;
+```

lessons/277/app/cmd/postgres/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"app/config"
+	"app/models"
+	"app/postgres"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	mon "github.com/antonputra/go-utils/monitoring"
+	"github.com/antonputra/go-utils/util"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	cfg := config.Load()
+
+	ctx, done := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer done()
+
+	// Create Prometheus metrics.
+	histLabels := []string{"op", "method"}
+
+	reg := prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	m := mon.NewMetrics("postgres", []string{}, []string{}, histLabels, reg)
+	mon.StartPrometheus(cfg.MetricsPort, reg)
+
+	db := postgres.Connect(ctx, cfg)
+
+	// Run the database migration to create tables, indexes, and populate them with sample data.
+	migrate(ctx, db, cfg)
+
+	// Run the main test.
+	test(ctx, cfg, db, m)
+}
+
+func test(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, db *pgxpool.Pool, m *mon.Metrics) {
+	delay := cfg.Test.Delay
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(cfg.Test.Interval) * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if delay > 0 {
+				delay -= cfg.Test.Step
+				fmt.Printf("The current delay is %d microseconds.\n", delay)
+			}
+
+		default:
+			// Pick random customer from sample data
+			customer := cfg.Customers[util.Random(0, 9)]
+
+			// Pick random product from sample data
+			product := cfg.Products[util.Random(0, 9)]
+
+			// Create an empty shopping cart for the selected customer
+			cart := models.Cart{CustomerId: customer.Id, Total: 0.0}
+			err := cart.InsertCartPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to insert cart")
+
+			// Add product to the shopping cart
+			cartItem := models.CartItem{CartId: cart.Id, ProductId: product.Id, Quantity: int64(util.Random(1, 10))}
+			err = cartItem.InsertCartItemPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to insert cart item")
+
+			// Update value of the shopping cart
+			cart.Total = product.Price * float64(cartItem.Quantity)
+			err = cart.UpdateCartPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to update cart")
+
+			// Create an order
+			order := models.Order{CustomerId: cart.CustomerId, Total: cart.Total}
+			err = order.InsertOrderPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to create order")
+
+			// Add product to the order
+			orderItem := models.OrderItem{OrderId: order.Id, ProductId: cartItem.ProductId, Quantity: cartItem.Quantity}
+			err = orderItem.InsertOrderItemPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to insert order")
+
+			// Reduce the stock quantity of the product (set to random value)
+			product.StockQuantity = int64(util.Random(0, 100))
+			err = product.UpdateProductPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to update product")
+
+			// Delete shopping cart items
+			err = cartItem.DeleteCartItemPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to delete cart item")
+
+			// Delete shopping cart
+			err = cart.DeleteCartPGX(ctx, db, m)
+			util.Fail(err, "fail to delete cart")
+
+			// Create order report
+			orderReport := models.OrderReport{OrderId: order.Id}
+			orderReport.SelectOrderPGX(ctx, db, m)
+
+			if delay > 0 {
+				time.Sleep(time.Duration(delay) * time.Microsecond)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

lessons/277/app/cmd/postgres/migrate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"app/config"
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/antonputra/go-utils/util"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+func migrate(ctx context.Context, db *pgxpool.Pool, cfg *config.Config) {
+	// PostgreSQL driver automatically prepares and caches statements.
+	tables := []string{
+		`
+		CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customer (
+			id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+			username VARCHAR(50),
+			first_name VARCHAR(50),
+			last_name VARCHAR(50),
+			address VARCHAR(255)
+		);
+		`,
+		`
+		CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS product (
+			id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+			name VARCHAR(100),
+			price DECIMAL(10,2),
+			stock_quantity INTEGER
+		);
+		`,
+		`
+		CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cart (
+			id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+			customer_id BIGINT REFERENCES customer(id),
+			total DECIMAL(10,2)
+		);
+		`,
+		`
+		CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cart_item (
+			id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+			cart_id BIGINT REFERENCES cart(id),
+			product_id BIGINT REFERENCES product(id),
+			quantity INTEGER
+		);
+		`,
+		`
+		CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "order" (
+			id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+			customer_id BIGINT REFERENCES customer(id),
+			total DECIMAL(10,2)
+		);
+		`,
+		`
+		CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS order_item (
+			id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+			order_id BIGINT REFERENCES "order"(id),
+			product_id BIGINT REFERENCES product(id),
+			quantity INTEGER
+		);
+		`,
+	}
+
+	indexes := []string{
+		`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS cart_customer_id_idx ON cart (customer_id);`,
+		`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS cart_item_cart_id_idx ON cart_item (cart_id);`,
+		`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS cart_item_product_id_idx ON cart_item (product_id);`,
+		`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS order_customer_id_idx ON "order" (customer_id);`,
+		`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS order_item_order_id_idx ON order_item (order_id);`,
+		`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS order_item_product_id_idx ON order_item (product_id);`,
+	}
+
+	for _, sql := range tables {
+		_, err := db.Exec(ctx, sql)
+		util.Fail(err, "failed to create tables")
+	}
+
+	for _, sql := range indexes {
+		_, err := db.Exec(ctx, sql)
+		util.Fail(err, "failed to create indexes")
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cfg.Customers {
+		err := c.InsertCustomerPGX(ctx, db)
+		util.Fail(err, "failed to create customer")
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range cfg.Products {
+		err := p.InsertProductPGX(ctx, db)
+		util.Fail(err, "failed to create product")
+	}
+}