fix(material/select): use flexible overlay dimensions

[andrewseguin]

When the browser window is small, the select's listbox panel does not shrink in size, which causes options to become unreachable.

With flexible positioning, the overlay is constrained in height causing the panel to shrink as well, rendering all available options with scrolling

Example: Panel displayed underneath the select.

Observe that the Milk option was not fully visible when the panel is scrolled all the way down

Before:

After:

Example: Panel displayed above the select.

Observe the None option was not at all visible when scrolled up

Before:

After:

[github-actions]

Deployed dev-app for 55a6263 to: https://ng-dev-previews-comp--pr-angular-components-30628-dev-qtqevu3l.web.app

Note: As new commits are pushed to this pull request, this link is updated after the preview is rebuilt.

[andrewseguin]

The changes were merged into the following branches: main, 19.2.x

[Segdo]

I think this also fixed #13829 and #18901.
Which also makes #29904 redundant.

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