Espresso 3.5.1 crashes with IncompatibleClassChangeError on API 28 - 30 when minSdk 28

[ursar]

Description

After upgrading to Espresso 3.5.1 view assertion (onView(...).check(matches(...))) for view into scrollView crashes on API 28-30 when used minSdk 28.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Create new project, with a basic Espresso test
2. Upgrade Espresso to 3.5.1
3. Setup minSkd 28
4. Add in test assert .check(matches(isDisplayed())) for view in scrollView when it is not visible on the screen
5. Run test on device or emulator with API 28-30

Expected Results

Test fails with
androidx.test.espresso.base.AssertionErrorHandler$AssertionFailedWithCauseError: '(view has effective visibility <VISIBLE> and view.getGlobalVisibleRect() to return non-empty rectangle)' doesn't match the selected view. Expected: (view has effective visibility <VISIBLE> and view.getGlobalVisibleRect() to return non-empty rectangle) Got: view.getGlobalVisibleRect() returned empty rectangle

Actual Results

Test fails with
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Class 'org.hamcrest.StringDescription' does not implement interface 'java.lang.Iterable' in call to 'java.util.Iterator java.lang.Iterable.iterator()' (declaration of 'org.hamcrest.BaseDescription' appears in /data/app/gmk57.testespresso.test-8etyGcYaxocoQ-VLXtELkg==/base.apk) at org.hamcrest.BaseDescription.appendValueList(BaseDescription.java:76) at androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.getMismatchDescriptionString(ViewMatchers.java:3) at androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.assertThat(ViewMatchers.java:5) at androidx.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions$MatchesViewAssertion.check(ViewAssertions.java:7) at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$SingleExecutionViewAssertion.check(ViewInteraction.java:2) at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$2.call(ViewInteraction.java:14) at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$2.call(ViewInteraction.java:1) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873) at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193) at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858)

AndroidX Test and Android OS Versions

Reproduced on: Android API 28-30
Not reproduced on: Android API 31-33
androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5
androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1
Gradle 7.4.2
AGP 7.3.1
buildToolsVersion "33.0.1"
compileSdk 33
minSdk 28
targetSdkVersion 33
Android Studio Dolphin | 2021.3.1 Patch 1

Link to a public git repo demonstrating the problem:

Link

Additional info

When used minSdk 27 problem not reproduced.
On espresso 3.5.0 problem reproduced.

[jonasborggren]

I have the same issue. Attempting to use the latest version of Jetpack Compose required me to upgrade Kotlin versions which then in turn required me to upgrade this library. I'll add more information here if I found something.

[brettchabot]

Sorry for the trouble. I'm working on a revamp of the release toolchain which will fix this issue.

As a workaround, you can try to upgrade your AGP version to the latest stable or use a min sdk < 28

[ZacSweers]

@brettchabot as in this is fixed by AGP 7.4.2?

[ZacSweers]

I just tested with 7.4.2 and it remains broken

[brettchabot]

Some IncompatibleClassChangeError's are fixed by using the latest AGP/D8 version, but not all.

[ishita-pandey]

We too are getting the same error for espresso 3.5.0. When can we expect a fix to this?
Would you recommend downgrading to 3.4.0 for the time being as we saw no regression in that version?

[montwell]

I should note, that this appears to be flaky. When run in isolation, the test seems to pass fine. Also, only seeing this on API 29 at the moment.

[montwell]

Reposting sanitized stacktrace

java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Class 'androidx.test.espresso.action.Tap$1' does not implement interface 'org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing' in call to 'void org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing.describeTo(org.hamcrest.Description)' (declaration of 'org.hamcrest.BaseDescription' appears in /data/app/com.XXX
at org.hamcrest.BaseDescription.appendDescriptionOf(BaseDescription.java:24)
at org.hamcrest.StringDescription.toString(StringDescription.java:28)
at org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher.toString(BaseMatcher.java:26)
at androidx.test.espresso.action.GeneralClickAction.getDescription(GeneralClickAction.java:1)
at androidx.test.espresso.action.ViewActions$1.getDescription(ViewActions.java:7)
at androidx.test.espresso.internal.data.model.ActionData.<init>(ActionData.kt:3)
at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.doPerform(ViewInteraction.java:22)
at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.-$$Nest$mdoPerform(Unknown Source:0)
at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$1.call(ViewInteraction.java:7)
at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$1.call(ViewInteraction.java:1)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7356)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:930)

[montwell]

My issue was resolved using 3.5.0-alpha04.

[brettchabot]

Thanks for the additional reports. Many apologies for the delay here.
The D8 team has submitted a workaround fix for this issue. https://issuetracker.google.com/271408544 has the details.

In addition I hope to release a espresso 3.6.0-alpha01 next week which will be built with bazel + javac 11, and also will therefore not be subject to this problem.

[sgjesse]

The patch has landed and have been backported to 8.0.33, 4.0.55 and 3.3.91 for AGP 8.0, 7.4 and 7.3 respectively. To use a specific R8 version merge the following into settings.gradle or settings.gradle.kts:

pluginManagement {
    buildscript {
        repositories {
            mavenCentral()
            maven {
                url = uri("https://storage.googleapis.com/r8-releases/raw")
            }
        }
        dependencies {
            classpath("com.android.tools:r8:8.1.4-dev")
        }
    }
}