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PowerShell
Tom-- edited this page Jul 23, 2020
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129 revisions
Getting started
Make sure that AlphaFS.dll is not blocked, due to archive download.
Check: File Properties > Details and click button/checkmark "Unblock" if shown.
Also, make sure you use the correct .NET version of the AlphaFS.dll file.
PowerShell: Get the currently used .NET version
PS C:\> $PSVersionTable.CLRVersion
Major Minor Build Revision
----- ----- ----- --------
4 0 30319 42000
PowerShell: Import Module
# Load AlphaFS (Method 1).
PS C:\> Import-Module -Name 'C:\AlphaFS 2.2\Lib\Net4.0\AlphaFS.dll'
# Load AlphaFS (Method 2).
# Returns a System.Reflection.Assembly instance.
PS C:\> $assembly = [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFile('C:\AlphaFS 2.2\Lib\Net4.0\AlphaFS.dll')
PS C:\> $assembly
GAC Version Location
--- ------- --------
False v4.0.30319 C:\AlphaFS 2.2\Lib\Net4.0\AlphaFS.dll
AlphaFS Class
Some AlphaFS classes to use in PowerShell:
(.NET) Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory
(.NET) Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DirectoryInfo
(.NET) Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.File
(.NET) Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.FileInfo
(.NET) Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Path
(AlphaFS) Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Device
(AlphaFS) Alphaleonis.Win32.Network.Host
A plethora of functions (methods) is available, check the documentation at the website: http://alphafs.alphaleonis.com
Examples
# Show static methods from Directory class.
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory] | gm -Static -MemberType Method
TypeName: Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Compress Method static void Compress(string path, Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory...
Copy Method static void Copy(string sourcePath, string destinationPath), static void...
CountFileSystemObjects Method static long CountFileSystemObjects(string path, Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesy...
CreateDirectory Method static Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DirectoryInfo CreateDirectory(string...
...
To see all overloaded methods of a particular method:
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::Copy
OverloadDefinitions
-------------------
static void Copy(string sourcePath, string destinationPath)
static void Copy(string sourcePath, string destinationPath, Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.PathFormat pathFormat)
static void Copy(string sourcePath, string destinationPath, bool overwrite)
static void Copy(string sourcePath, string destinationPath, bool overwrite, Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.PathFormat pathFormat)
static void Copy(string sourcePath, string destinationPath, Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.CopyOptions copyOptions)
static void Copy(string sourcePath, string destinationPath, Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.CopyOptions copyOptions, Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.PathFormat pathFormat)
...
AlphaFS References
# Call the CreateDirectory() method from the Directory class.
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::CreateDirectory('C:\MyFolder')
# If you prefer a shorter reference, assign the TypeName to a PowerShell variable.
PS C:\> $AlphaFSDir = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]
# And then use the short form.
# Create a compressed directory.
PS C:\> $AlphaFSDir::CreateDirectory('C:\MyCompressedFolder', $True)
Example: Emulate Get-ChildItem to overcome "Path Too Long"
# How people learn about "Path Too Long".
PS C:\> Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $folderPath
# How salvation is offered.
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::EnumerateFileSystemEntries($folderPath, '*', [System.IO.SearchOption]::AllDirectories)
Example: Get a FileSystemEntryInfo object of a file
This is the most powerful method to retrieve file or folder information!
# Get a FileSystemEntryInfo object of a file.
PS C:\> $fsei = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.File]::GetFileSystemEntryInfo($Env:WinDir + '\notepad.exe')
PS C:\> $fsei.GetType()
IsPublic IsSerial Name BaseType
-------- -------- ---- --------
True True FileSystemEntryInfo System.Object
PS C:\> $fsei
AlternateFileName = []
Attributes = [Archive]
CreationTime = [22-8-2013 13:00:13]
CreationTimeUtc = [22-8-2013 11:00:13]
Extension = [.exe]
FileName = [notepad.exe]
FileSize = [217600]
FullPath = [C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe]
IsArchive = [True]
IsCompressed = [False]
IsDevice = [False]
IsDirectory = [False]
IsEncrypted = [False]
IsHidden = [False]
IsMountPoint = [False]
IsNormal = [False]
IsNotContentIndexed = [False]
IsOffline = [False]
IsReadOnly = [False]
IsReparsePoint = [False]
IsSparseFile = [False]
IsSymbolicLink = [False]
IsSystem = [False]
IsTemporary = [False]
LastAccessTime = [22-8-2013 13:00:13]
LastAccessTimeUtc = [22-8-2013 11:00:13]
LastWriteTime = [22-8-2013 13:00:12]
LastWriteTimeUtc = [22-8-2013 11:00:12]
LongFullPath = [\\?\C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe]
ReparsePointTag = [None]
Example: Get a FileSystemEntryInfo object of a directory
# Get a FileSystemEntryInfo object of a directory.
PS C:\> $fsei = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::GetFileSystemEntryInfo($Env:WinDir)
PS C:\> $fsei
AlternateFileName = []
Attributes = [Directory]
CreationTime = [22-8-2013 15:36:16]
CreationTimeUtc = [22-8-2013 13:36:16]
Extension = []
FileName = [Windows]
FileSize = [0]
FullPath = [C:\Windows]
IsArchive = [False]
IsCompressed = [False]
IsDevice = [False]
IsDirectory = [True]
IsEncrypted = [False]
IsHidden = [False]
IsMountPoint = [False]
IsNormal = [False]
IsNotContentIndexed = [False]
IsOffline = [False]
IsReadOnly = [False]
IsReparsePoint = [False]
IsSparseFile = [False]
IsSymbolicLink = [False]
IsSystem = [False]
IsTemporary = [False]
LastAccessTime = [12-1-2018 15:54:39]
LastAccessTimeUtc = [12-1-2018 14:54:39]
LastWriteTime = [12-1-2018 15:54:39]
LastWriteTimeUtc = [12-1-2018 14:54:39]
LongFullPath = [\\?\C:\Windows]
ReparsePointTag = [None]
Example: Get a DirectoryInfo object of a directory
# Get a DirectoryInfo object of a directory.
PS C:\> $dirInfo = New-Object -TypeName Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DirectoryInfo($Env:WinDir)
PS C:\> $dirInfo.GetType()
IsPublic IsSerial Name BaseType
-------- -------- ---- --------
True True DirectoryInfo Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.FileSystemInfo
PS C:\> $dirInfo
Exists : True
Name : WINDOWS
Parent :
Root : C:\
Attributes : Directory
CreationTime : 22-8-2013 15:36:15
CreationTimeUtc : 22-8-2013 13:36:15
Extension :
FullName : C:\WINDOWS
LastAccessTime : 28-12-2014 00:54:51
LastAccessTimeUtc : 27-12-2014 23:54:51
LastWriteTime : 28-12-2014 00:54:51
LastWriteTimeUtc : 27-12-2014 23:54:51
EntryInfo : None
Transaction :
Example: Enumerate files and directories
# Get all root folders from the Windows folder, starting with an 'a'
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::EnumerateDirectories($Env:WinDir, 'a*')
C:\Windows\addins
C:\Windows\ADFS
C:\Windows\AppCompat
C:\Windows\apppatch
C:\Windows\AppReadiness
C:\Windows\assembly
# Get all files and folders from a network share.
PS C:\> $AlphaFSDir::EnumerateFileSystemEntries('\\server\share', '*', [System.IO.SearchOption]::AllDirectories)
For overall performance improvement, use the Directory.EnumerateXxx() versions as much as possible
and avoid using Directory.GetFileSystemEntries/GetDirectories/GetFiles functions.
When you are working with many files and/or directories, the Directory.EnumerateXxx() methods
can be more efficient.
Example: Copy a directory recursively
# Set copy options.
PS C:\> $copyOptions = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.CopyOptions]::FailIfExists
# Set source and destination directories.
PS C:\> $source = 'C:\sourceDir'
PS C:\> $destination = 'C:\destinationDir'
# Copy directory recursively.
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::Copy($source, $destination, $copyOptions)
Copy directory recursively using a DirectoryInfo instance:
PS C:\> $dirInfo.CopyTo($destination)
PS C:\> $dirInfo.CopyTo($destination, $copyOptions)
Example Copy() Exception (missing source directory):
Exception calling "Copy" with "3" argument(s): "(3) The system cannot find the path specified: [\\?\C:\sourceDir]"
At line:1 char:2
+ [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::Copy($source, $destination, $copyOpt ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], MethodInvocationException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : DirectoryNotFoundException
Example: Copy a file
# Copy file.
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.File]::Copy('C:\Folder\oldFile.txt', 'D:\Folder\newFile.txt')
Example: Remove file with a trailing space in the file name
# Remove file, use path as is.
# .NET does not allow for a file name to end with a space or a dot.
# Use the [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.PathFormat]::FullPath parameter to bypass this.
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.File]::Delete('C:\Temp\file ', [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.PathFormat]::FullPath)
Example: Enumerate shares from a host
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.Network.Host]::EnumerateShares($Env:COMPUTERNAME, $True)
CurrentUses : 0
DirectoryInfo : \\SERVER001\ADMIN$
NetFullPath : \\SERVER001\ADMIN$
MaxUses : 4294967295
NetName : ADMIN$
Password :
Path : C:\WINDOWS
Permissions : None
Remark : Remote Admin
SecurityDescriptor : 0
ServerName : SERVER001
ShareType : Special
ResourceType : None
ShareLevel : Info503
...
Example: Operating System information
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem]::IsServer
False
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem]::IsWow64Process
False
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem]::OSVersion
Major Minor Build Revision
----- ----- ----- --------
6 3 9600 0
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem]::ProcessorArchitecture
X64
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem]::ServicePackVersion
Major Minor Build Revision
----- ----- ----- --------
0 0 -1 -1
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem]::VersionName
Windows81
PS C:\> [Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem]::IsAtLeast([Alphaleonis.Win32.OperatingSystem+EnumOsName]::WindowsServer2003)
True
Example: DriveInfo
# System.IO DriveInfo()
PS C:\> [System.IO.DriveInfo]('C')
Name : C:\
DriveType : Fixed
DriveFormat : NTFS
IsReady : True
AvailableFreeSpace : 681759399936
TotalFreeSpace : 681759399936
TotalSize : 749786361856
RootDirectory : C:\
VolumeLabel : Windows8
# AlphaFS DriveInfo()
PS C:\> $driveInfo = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DriveInfo]('C')
PS C:\> $driveInfo
AvailableFreeSpace = [22910414848]
DiskSpaceInfo = [C:\]
DosDeviceName = [C:]
DriveFormat = [NTFS]
DriveType = [Fixed]
IsDosDeviceSubstitute = [False]
IsReady = [True]
IsUnc = [False]
IsVolume = [True]
Name = [C:\]
RootDirectory = [C:\]
TotalFreeSpace = [22910414848]
TotalSize = [96079966208]
VolumeInfo = [\\?\Volume{657d4f85-1da2-478a-946a-318c99706878}\]
VolumeLabel = [System]
PS C:\> $driveInfo.DiskSpaceInfo
AvailableFreeSpacePercent = [23.85%]
AvailableFreeSpaceUnitSize = [21.34 GB]
BytesPerSector = [512]
ClusterSize = [4096]
DriveName = [C:\]
FreeBytesAvailable = [22910414848]
NumberOfFreeClusters = [5593363]
SectorsPerCluster = [8]
TotalNumberOfBytes = [96079966208]
TotalNumberOfClusters = [23457023]
TotalNumberOfFreeBytes = [22910414848]
TotalSizeUnitSize = [89.48 GB]
UsedSpacePercent = [76.15%]
UsedSpaceUnitSize = [68.14 GB]
PS C:\> $driveInfo.VolumeInfo
CasePreservedNames = [True]
CaseSensitiveSearch = [True]
Compression = [True]
DirectAccess = [False]
FileSystemName = [NTFS]
FullPath = [C:\]
Guid = [\\?\Volume{657d4f85-1da2-478a-946a-318c99706878}\]
MaximumComponentLength = [255]
Name = [System]
NamedStreams = [True]
PersistentAcls = [True]
ReadOnlyVolume = [False]
SequentialWriteOnce = [False]
SerialNumber = [1686851484]
SupportsEncryption = [True]
SupportsExtendedAttributes = [True]
SupportsHardLinks = [True]
SupportsObjectIds = [True]
SupportsOpenByFileId = [True]
SupportsRemoteStorage = [False]
SupportsReparsePoints = [True]
SupportsSparseFiles = [True]
SupportsTransactions = [True]
SupportsUsnJournal = [True]
UnicodeOnDisk = [True]
VolumeIsCompressed = [False]
VolumeQuotas = [True]
# Get the next available free drive letter (the example returns "E").
PS C:\> $letter = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DriveInfo]::GetFreeDriveLetter()
PS C:\> $letter
E
Example: Browse folders using PrivilegeEnabler
# Use the "Backup" privilege to browse folder: C:\Windows\CSC
# Browsing without the PrivilegeEnabler results in ACCESS DENIED.
$privilegeEnabler = $Null
Try {
$privilege = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Security.Privilege]::Backup
$privilegeEnabler = New-Object Alphaleonis.Win32.Security.PrivilegeEnabler($privilege)
Dir -Recurse C:\Windows\CSC
}
Finally {
If ($Null -ne $privilegeEnabler) {
$privilegeEnabler.Dispose()
}
}
Example: Get aggregated properties, including size, of a folder
# Set directory enumeration options.
PS C:\> $dirEnumOptions = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DirectoryEnumerationOptions]::Recursive -bor
[Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DirectoryEnumerationOptions]::SkipReparsePoints -bor
[Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.DirectoryEnumerationOptions]::ContinueOnException
PS C:\> $pathFormat = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.PathFormat]::FullPath
# Get aggregated properties, including size, of a folder.
PS C:\> $properties = [Alphaleonis.Win32.Filesystem.Directory]::GetProperties('C:\', $dirEnumOptions, $pathFormat)
PS C:\> $properties.Size
188647966064
# Show all aggregated properties for the folder.
PS C:\> $properties | Format-Table -AutoSize
Key Value
--- -----
Archive 304390
Compressed 3364
Device 0
Directory 65178
Encrypted 10
Hidden 3960
IntegrityStream 0
Normal 20954
NoScrubData 0
NotContentIndexed 5555
Offline 0
ReadOnly 8278
ReparsePoint 0
SparseFile 1
System 2493
Temporary 6
File 325431
Total 390609
Size 188647966064