Modify all linkers about interrupts

interrupts/interrupts-10.md → Interrupts/interrupts-10.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 =====================
 终结篇
 -------------------------
-本文是 Linux 内核[中断和中断处理](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/interrupts/index.html)的第十节。在[上一节](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/interrupts/interrupts-9.html)，我们了解了延后中断及其相关概念，如 `softirq`，`tasklet`，`workqueue`。本节我们继续深入这个主题，现在是见识真正的硬件驱动的时候了。
+本文是 Linux 内核[中断和中断处理](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/Interrupts/index.html)的第十节。在[上一节](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/Interrupts/interrupts-9.html)，我们了解了延后中断及其相关概念，如 `softirq`，`tasklet`，`workqueue`。本节我们继续深入这个主题，现在是见识真正的硬件驱动的时候了。
 
 以 [StringARM** SA-100/21285 评估板](http://netwinder.osuosl.org/pub/netwinder/docs/intel/datashts/27813501.pdf)串行驱动为例，我们来观察驱动程序如何请求一个 [IRQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_request_%28PC_architecture%29) 线，一个中断被触发时会发生什么之类的。驱动程序代码位于 [drivers/tty/serial/21285.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/drivers/tty/serial/21285.c) 源文件。好啦，源码在手，说走就走！
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ if (new->thread_fn && !nested) {
 准备处理中断
 ------------------------------
 
-通过上文，我们观察了为给定的中断描述符请求中断号，为给定的中断注册 `irqaction` 结构体的过程。我们已经知道，当一个中断事件发生时，中断控制器向处理器通知该事件，处理器尝试为这个中断找到一个合适的中断门。如果你已阅读本章[第八节](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/interrupts/interrupts-8.html)，你应该还记得 `native_init_IRQ` 函数。这个函数会初始化本地 [APIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Programmable_Interrupt_Controller)。这个函数的如下部分是我们现在最感兴趣的地方：
+通过上文，我们观察了为给定的中断描述符请求中断号，为给定的中断注册 `irqaction` 结构体的过程。我们已经知道，当一个中断事件发生时，中断控制器向处理器通知该事件，处理器尝试为这个中断找到一个合适的中断门。如果你已阅读本章[第八节](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/Interrupts/interrupts-8.html)，你应该还记得 `native_init_IRQ` 函数。这个函数会初始化本地 [APIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Programmable_Interrupt_Controller)。这个函数的如下部分是我们现在最感兴趣的地方：
 
 ```C
 for_each_clear_bit_from(i, used_vectors, first_system_vector) {
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ native_irq_return_iret:
 总结
 --------------------------
 
-这里是[中断和中断处理](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/interrupts/index.html) 章节的第十节的结尾。如你在本节开头读到的那样，这是本章的最后一节。本章开篇阐述了中断理论，我们于是明白了什么是中断，中断的类型，然后也了解了异常以及对这种类型中断的处理，延后中断。最后在本节，我们考察了硬件中断和对这些中断的处理。当然，本节甚至本章都未能覆盖到 Linux 内核中断和中断处理的所有方面。这样并不现实，至少对我而言如此。这是一项浩大工程，不知你作何感想，对我来说，它确实浩大。这个主题远远超出本章讲述的内容，我不确定地球上能否找到一本书可以涵盖这个主题。我们漏掉了关于中断和中断处理的很多内容，但我相信，深入研究中断和中断处理相关的内核源码是个不错的点子。
+这里是[中断和中断处理](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/Interrupts/index.html) 章节的第十节的结尾。如你在本节开头读到的那样，这是本章的最后一节。本章开篇阐述了中断理论，我们于是明白了什么是中断，中断的类型，然后也了解了异常以及对这种类型中断的处理，延后中断。最后在本节，我们考察了硬件中断和对这些中断的处理。当然，本节甚至本章都未能覆盖到 Linux 内核中断和中断处理的所有方面。这样并不现实，至少对我而言如此。这是一项浩大工程，不知你作何感想，对我来说，它确实浩大。这个主题远远超出本章讲述的内容，我不确定地球上能否找到一本书可以涵盖这个主题。我们漏掉了关于中断和中断处理的很多内容，但我相信，深入研究中断和中断处理相关的内核源码是个不错的点子。
 
 如果有任何疑问或者建议，撰写评论或者在 [twitter](https://twitter.com/0xAX) 上联系我。
 
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ native_irq_return_iret:
 * [pid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_identifier)
 * [设备树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_tree)
 * [系统调用](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_call)
-* [上一节](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/interrupts/interrupts-9.html)
+* [上一节](https://xinqiu.gitbooks.io/linux-insides-cn/content/Interrupts/interrupts-9.html)
 
 
 

interrupts/interrupts-2.md → Interrupts/interrupts-2.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Interrupts and Interrupt Handling. Part 2.
 Start to dive into interrupt and exceptions handling in the Linux kernel
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-We saw some theory about interrupts and exception handling in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/interrupts-1.html) and as I already wrote in that part, we will start to dive into interrupts and exceptions in the Linux kernel source code in this part. As you already can note, the previous part mostly described theoretical aspects and in this part we will start to dive directly into the Linux kernel source code. We will start to do it as we did it in other chapters, from the very early places. We will not see the Linux kernel source code from the earliest [code lines](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/arch/x86/boot/header.S#L292) as we saw it for example in the [Linux kernel booting process](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Booting/index.html) chapter, but we will start from the earliest code which is related to the interrupts and exceptions. In this part we will try to go through the all interrupts and exceptions related stuff which we can find in the Linux kernel source code.
+We saw some theory about interrupts and exception handling in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/interrupts-1.html) and as I already wrote in that part, we will start to dive into interrupts and exceptions in the Linux kernel source code in this part. As you already can note, the previous part mostly described theoretical aspects and in this part we will start to dive directly into the Linux kernel source code. We will start to do it as we did it in other chapters, from the very early places. We will not see the Linux kernel source code from the earliest [code lines](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/arch/x86/boot/header.S#L292) as we saw it for example in the [Linux kernel booting process](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Booting/index.html) chapter, but we will start from the earliest code which is related to the interrupts and exceptions. In this part we will try to go through the all interrupts and exceptions related stuff which we can find in the Linux kernel source code.
 
 If you've read the previous parts, you can remember that the earliest place in the Linux kernel `x86_64` architecture-specific source code which is related to the interrupt is located in the [arch/x86/boot/pm.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/arch/x86/boot/pm.c) source code file and represents the first setup of the [Interrupt Descriptor Table](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_descriptor_table). It occurs right before the transition into the [protected mode](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_mode) in the `go_to_protected_mode` function by the call of the `setup_idt`:
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ movl	initial_gs+4(%rip),%edx
 wrmsr
 ```
 
-We already saw this code in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/interrupts-1.html). First of all pay attention on the last `wrmsr` instruction. This instruction writes data from the `edx:eax` registers to the [model specific register](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-specific_register) specified by the `ecx` register. We can see that `ecx` contains `$MSR_GS_BASE` which is declared in the [arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/msr-index.h](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/msr-index.h) and looks like:
+We already saw this code in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/interrupts-1.html). First of all pay attention on the last `wrmsr` instruction. This instruction writes data from the `edx:eax` registers to the [model specific register](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-specific_register) specified by the `ecx` register. We can see that `ecx` contains `$MSR_GS_BASE` which is declared in the [arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/msr-index.h](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/msr-index.h) and looks like:
 
 ```C
 #define MSR_GS_BASE             0xc0000101
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ If the `CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR` kernel configuration option is set, the `boot_
 #endif
 ```
 
-As we can read in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/interrupts-1.html) the `irq_stack_union` represented by the following union:
+As we can read in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/interrupts-1.html) the `irq_stack_union` represented by the following union:
 
 ```C
 union irq_stack_union {
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ static inline void set_intr_gate_ist(int n, void *addr, unsigned ist)
 }
 ```
 
-First of all we can see the check that `n` which is [vector number](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_vector_table) of the interrupt is not greater than `0xff` or 255. We need to check it because we remember from the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/interrupts-1.html) that vector number of an interrupt must be between `0` and `255`. In the next step we can see the call of the `_set_gate` function that sets a given interrupt gate to the `IDT` table:
+First of all we can see the check that `n` which is [vector number](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_vector_table) of the interrupt is not greater than `0xff` or 255. We need to check it because we remember from the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/interrupts-1.html) that vector number of an interrupt must be between `0` and `255`. In the next step we can see the call of the `_set_gate` function that sets a given interrupt gate to the `IDT` table:
 
 ```C
 static inline void _set_gate(int gate, unsigned type, void *addr,
@@ -544,4 +544,4 @@ Links
 * [vector number](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_vector_table)
 * [Interrupt Stack Table](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/x86/x86_64/kernel-stacks)
 * [Privilege level](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_level)
-* [Previous part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/interrupts-1.html)
+* [Previous part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/interrupts-1.html)

interrupts/interrupts-3.md → Interrupts/interrupts-3.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Interrupts and Interrupt Handling. Part 3.
 Exception Handling
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-This is the third part of the [chapter](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/index.html) about an interrupts and an exceptions handling in the Linux kernel and in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/index.html) we stopped at the `setup_arch` function from the [arch/x86/kernel/setup.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blame/master/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c) source code file.
+This is the third part of the [chapter](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/index.html) about an interrupts and an exceptions handling in the Linux kernel and in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/index.html) we stopped at the `setup_arch` function from the [arch/x86/kernel/setup.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blame/master/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c) source code file.
 
 We already know that this function executes initialization of architecture-specfic stuff. In our case the `setup_arch` function does [x86_64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64) architecture related initializations. The `setup_arch` is big function, and in the previous part we stopped on the setting of the two exceptions handlers for the two following exceptions:
 
@@ -519,4 +519,4 @@ Links
 * [Per-CPU variables](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Concepts/per-cpu.html)
 * [kgdb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGDB)
 * [ACPI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface)
-* [Previous part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/index.html)
+* [Previous part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/index.html)