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Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2

Critical severity GitHub Reviewed Published May 14, 2022 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated Dec 28, 2023

Package

maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven)

Affected versions

>= 2.3.19, < 2.3.29

Patched versions

2.3.29
maven org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin (Maven)
>= 2.3.19, < 2.3.29
2.3.29

Description

The REST plugin in Apache Struts 2 2.3.19 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted expression.

References

Published by the National Vulnerability Database Jul 4, 2016
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database May 14, 2022
Reviewed Nov 3, 2022
Last updated Dec 28, 2023

Severity

Critical

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS score

7.259%
(94th percentile)

Weaknesses

CVE ID

CVE-2016-4438

GHSA ID

GHSA-4prj-vw9j-v6pr

Source code

Credits

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