⚡ DC-DC Boost Converter (9V to 12V) – Arduino Controlled

📖 Introduction

This project demonstrates a simple DC-DC boost converter built using discrete components and controlled via an Arduino Uno. The converter steps up a 9V DC input (from a standard battery) to a regulated 12V output. This type of converter is useful in applications where a higher voltage is needed from a lower-voltage power source, such as powering 12V sensors, actuators, or small DC motors from a 9V battery.

⚙️ Working Principle

The boost converter works based on energy storage in an inductor and timed switching via a MOSFET. Here's a simplified breakdown of how it functions:

1. Switch ON phase:

   • The N-channel MOSFET, controlled by a PWM signal from the Arduino, turns ON.
   • Current flows through the inductor, storing energy in its magnetic field.
   • During this phase, the diode blocks current from flowing to the output.

2. Switch OFF phase:

   • The MOSFET turns OFF.
   • The inductor resists the sudden drop in current and releases its stored energy.
   • The released energy, along with the source voltage, is forced through the diode to the output capacitor and load.
   • This raises the output voltage higher than the input.

The Arduino controls the duty cycle of the PWM signal to regulate the output voltage. A feedback mechanism using a voltage divider and analog input can be used for closed-loop control (optional enhancement).

🧰 Components Used

• Arduino Uno
• N-channel MOSFET (e.g., IRF540N)
• Fast Recovery Diode (e.g., UF4007 or similar)
• Inductor (Value to be calculated – see Sizing section)
• Electrolytic Capacitor (Output filter)
• Resistors (Gate pull-down, feedback divider)
• Breadboard & jumper wires
• 9V Battery
• Voltmeter probes for input and output monitoring
• Oscilloscope (for waveform analysis – optional)

🔌 Circuit Schematic

The schematic is shown below:

📏 Component Sizing (To Be Added)

Component sizing is critical for achieving efficient voltage boosting. The following parameters will be discussed and calculated:

• Inductor value (based on ripple current and switching frequency)
• Output capacitor size (for voltage smoothing)
• Diode selection (current rating and reverse recovery time)
• MOSFET selection (R_DS(on), gate charge, switching speed)
• PWM frequency and duty cycle range

This section will be completed soon once all design specs are finalized.

📈 Future Enhancements

• Implement voltage feedback loop with analog input and PID control
• Add output current sensing for load regulation
• Design a PCB version of the circuit
• Add LCD to display input/output voltages and duty cycle

👤 Author

Created by Yasteer Sewpersad

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