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WP_Theme_JSON: deprecate to_ruleset() and replace with Style Engine compile_css()#73117

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WP_Theme_JSON: deprecate to_ruleset() and replace with Style Engine compile_css()#73117
ramonjd wants to merge 7 commits into
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@ramonjd ramonjd commented Nov 9, 2025

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Part of #65728

This will be a series of small, and probably very infrequent PRs to move styles-related logic from WP_Theme_JSON to the style engine.

There's a rough plan over at the issue. The strategy is to knock things off one by one with the end goal being that the style engine can generated CSS from a theme.json tree.

What

Deprecates WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg::to_ruleset() and replaces all internal calls with WP_Style_Engine_Gutenberg::compile_css().

Why

This is the first phase of extracting style/CSS logic from WP_Theme_JSON into the Style Engine (see #65728). The to_ruleset() method duplicates functionality already present in the Style Engine, and consolidating CSS generation improves maintainability and reduces code duplication.

How

  1. **Added private methods normalize_declarations() and convert_theme_json_declarations() to handle format conversion between theme.json's array-of-arrays format and the Style Engine's associative array format.

  2. Enhanced WP_Style_Engine::compile_css() to auto-detect and convert theme.json format declarations using the new utility class.

  3. Replaced all 9 internal calls to to_ruleset() with WP_Style_Engine_Gutenberg::compile_css() throughout WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg.

  4. Deprecated to_ruleset() method with @deprecated tag and _deprecated_function() call, keeping it as a backwards-compatible wrapper that delegates to the Style Engine.

  5. Updated test expectations to match Style Engine's CSS output format (no spaces after colons in declarations).

Testing instructions

  1. Run PHP unit tests:
  • npm run test:unit:php:base -- --filter WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg_Test
  • npm run test:unit:php:base -- --filter WP_Style_Engine
  1. Verify deprecation notice:
  • The to_ruleset() method should trigger a deprecation notice if called directly (though all internal calls have been replaced).
  • Check that the deprecation message points to WP_Style_Engine_Gutenberg::compile_css() as the alternative.
  1. Visual regression:
  • Test theme.json styles render correctly in the editor and frontend.
  • Verify preset classes (.has-*-color, .has-*-font-size, etc.) work as expected.
  • Check layout styles, duotone filters, and style variations render properly.

@ramonjd ramonjd self-assigned this Nov 9, 2025
@ramonjd ramonjd added the [Type] Code Quality Issues or PRs that relate to code quality label Nov 9, 2025
@ramonjd ramonjd added Global Styles Anything related to the broader Global Styles efforts, including Styles Engine and theme.json [Package] Style Engine /packages/style-engine labels Nov 9, 2025
@ramonjd ramonjd changed the title WP_Theme_JSON: deprecate to_ruleset() and replace with Style Engine compile_css() Nov 9, 2025
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github-actions Bot commented Nov 9, 2025

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The following accounts have interacted with this PR and/or linked issues. I will continue to update these lists as activity occurs. You can also manually ask me to refresh this list by adding the props-bot label.

If you're merging code through a pull request on GitHub, copy and paste the following into the bottom of the merge commit message.

Co-authored-by: ramonjd <ramonopoly@git.wordpress.org>
Co-authored-by: youknowriad <youknowriad@git.wordpress.org>
Co-authored-by: andrewserong <andrewserong@git.wordpress.org>

To understand the WordPress project's expectations around crediting contributors, please review the Contributor Attribution page in the Core Handbook.

@ramonjd
ramonjd force-pushed the migrate/theme-json-to_ruleset-to-style-engine branch 2 times, most recently from 7ee9bcf to b158b1c Compare November 9, 2025 01:34
@github-actions

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Size Change: 0 B

Total Size: 2.47 MB

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@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class WP_Theme_JSON_Gutenberg_Test extends WP_UnitTestCase {
*

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All the changes in this file are whitespace changes between property and value in CSS declarations.

The Style Engine outputs rules without whitespace, e.g., font-size:60px;, whereas the theme json class outputs font-size: 60px;

Comment thread packages/style-engine/src/class-wp-style-engine.php Outdated
Comment thread packages/style-engine/src/class-wp-style-engine.php Outdated
if ( empty( $declarations ) ) {
return '';
}
_deprecated_function( __METHOD__, 'Gutenberg 7.0.0', 'WP_Style_Engine_Gutenberg::compile_css()' );

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In Core, this will be WP_Style_Engine::compile_css()

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This is a protected method, does it need a _deprecated_function call, or can it just be removed? I don't see any calls to it in wordpress-develop other than internal calls within the Theme JSON class.

Or is it to protect classes (like this one in Gutenberg) that might be extending the Theme JSON class? If so, then yes, deprecating sounds safer! (Did I just answer my own question? 😆)

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It's a good question. I'd actually be happy to delete it.

But I did it for the reason you mention (in case it's been extended) and this is despite the 4yo notice at the top of the class that says

/**
 * Class that encapsulates the processing of structures that adhere to the theme.json spec.
 *
 * This class is for internal core usage and is not supposed to be used by extenders (plugins and/or themes).
 * This is a low-level API that may need to do breaking changes. Please,
 * use get_global_settings, get_global_styles, and get_global_stylesheet instead.
 *
 * @access private
 */

So do we care about folks who extended anyway? 🤔

Comment thread packages/style-engine/src/class-wp-style-engine-utils.php Outdated
ramonjd and others added 5 commits March 11, 2026 16:09
…son compatibility

- Updated `compile_css` method to utilize `WP_Style_Engine_Utils` for normalizing CSS declarations from theme.json format.
- Added new utility class `WP_Style_Engine_Utils` with methods for converting theme.json declarations to associative array format.
- Included tests for the new utility functions to ensure proper conversion and handling of various input formats.
- Updated relevant files to reflect changes in CSS compilation logic.

This refactor enhances the flexibility of the style engine by supporting both associative array and theme.json formats for CSS declarations.
- Replaced static::to_ruleset calls with WP_Style_Engine_Gutenberg::compile_css for improved CSS generation.
- Updated various sections to ensure consistent handling of CSS declarations and selectors.
- Adjusted test cases to reflect changes in CSS output formatting.

This refactor enhances the maintainability and performance of the CSS compilation process within the theme JSON handling.
- Marked the static::to_ruleset method as deprecated in favor of WP_Style_Engine_Gutenberg::compile_css for improved CSS handling.
- Updated the method to delegate CSS compilation to the new style engine, ensuring better format detection and conversion.

This change enhances the maintainability of the code by consolidating CSS generation logic.
…Functionality

- Deleted the WP_Style_Engine_Utils class and its associated methods for normalizing CSS declarations.
- Integrated the normalization logic directly into the WP_Style_Engine class, enhancing encapsulation and reducing dependencies.
- Updated references in the load.php and package.json files to reflect the removal of the utility class.
- Adjusted tests to ensure compatibility with the new structure.

This refactor streamlines the codebase by consolidating functionality and improving maintainability.
@ramonjd
ramonjd force-pushed the migrate/theme-json-to_ruleset-to-style-engine branch from b259969 to 8f7e507 Compare March 11, 2026 05:21
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Flaky tests detected in 51016f3.
Some tests passed with failed attempts. The failures may not be related to this commit but are still reported for visibility. See the documentation for more information.

🔍 Workflow run URL: https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/actions/runs/22944292665
📝 Reported issues:

@ramonjd

ramonjd commented Mar 11, 2026

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This change is premature.

to_ruleset did no safecss_filter_attr filtering at all (it just concatenated strings directly), while compile_css routes everything through WP_Style_Engine_CSS_Declarations, which calls safecss_filter_attr on every property/value pair.

compile_css was designed for user-input CSS that needs to be sanitized for security. to_ruleset was used for internally-generated, trusted CSS from theme.json processing.

Now we could accommodate this in the style engine and skip using the filter for theme JSON operations, or add the missing properties via safe_style_css. The latter is a never ending battle, and it incredibly inappropriate for modern CSS requirements.

I think we need to modernize the CSS validation/sanitization through some API like the HTML processor.

@ramonjd ramonjd closed this Mar 11, 2026
@ramonjd
ramonjd deleted the migrate/theme-json-to_ruleset-to-style-engine branch March 11, 2026 06:24
@ramonjd
ramonjd restored the migrate/theme-json-to_ruleset-to-style-engine branch March 11, 2026 07:20
@ramonjd ramonjd reopened this Mar 11, 2026
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ramonjd commented Mar 11, 2026

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Just reopened to add required changes to get things to pass. Now closing again 😄

I'll come back with a plan.

@ramonjd ramonjd closed this Mar 11, 2026
@ramonjd
ramonjd deleted the migrate/theme-json-to_ruleset-to-style-engine branch March 11, 2026 07:32
@ramonjd
ramonjd restored the migrate/theme-json-to_ruleset-to-style-engine branch March 11, 2026 08:48
@ramonjd ramonjd reopened this Mar 11, 2026
foreach ( $spacing_rule['rules'] as $css_property => $css_value ) {
$current_css_value = is_string( $css_value ) ? $css_value : $block_gap_value;
if ( static::is_safe_css_declaration( $css_property, $current_css_value ) ) {
// Iterate over each of the styling rules and substitute non-string values such as `null` with the real `blockGap` value.

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Trunk uses to_ruleset — which builds CSS via string concatenation ($dec['name'] . ': ' . $dec['value'])`.

When $dec['value'] is bool(true), PHP's implicit coercion converts it to '1' and produces margin-block-start: 1. That's why trunk tests pass without any fix.

@ramonjd ramonjd closed this Mar 11, 2026
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ramonjd deleted the migrate/theme-json-to_ruleset-to-style-engine branch March 11, 2026 08:51
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3 participants