Create Discussion tasks (Hackman).md

tasks/Discussion tasks (Hackman).md

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+# Summary
+Participants work in a group of 3 to complete problem-solving tasks (which are tasks calling for a discussion of values or issues, usually with a requirement of group consensus) by creating a written product.
+
+# References
+J.Richard Hackman, Effects of task characteristics on group products, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 4, Issue 2, 1968
+Paper link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022103168900401?via%3Dihub
+
+# Stimuli
+## The visual components
+For discussion-type tasks, groups work with issues. Examples are “What makes for success in our culture?” or “Should birth control pills be made available without prescription?”
+
+## Materials for alternative versions of the experiment 
+N/A
+
+# Procedure
+## Steps
+(a) Introduction to the experiment and administration of pretest instruments.
+(b) Random partitioning of subjects into 108 three-man groups, one member designated as “leader” of the group, and the groups assigned to separate experimental rooms. Between three and seven groups were run in each experimental session.
+(c) Instructions (over an intercommunication system) for the groups to begin work on the task.
+(d) Fifteen minutes of work. Time warnings given at 5-minute intervals.
+(e) Administration of a “Task Description Questionnaire”.
+(f) Repeat of steps c-e for the second, third, and fourth tasks.
+(g) Administration of post-test instruments.
+
+The 108 experimental groups produced a total of 432 different written group products. (These products were assigned random identification numbers and then typed and mimeographed onto 5 x 8-inch cards.)
+
+## Roles 
+N/A - One member was designated as “leader” of the group; however, no specific role description is given to the leader role.
+
+## Instructions
+Instructions developed by CSSLab:
+There are 4 tasks to be completed in this experiment. Your task is to work as a team to create a written product based on the task assigned. You have 15 minutes to work on the task and a time warning will be given every 5 minutes during your work. You are required to complete a questionnaire after completing each task.
+
+# Criteria
+## Performance calculation
+The primary measures of group-product characteristics used in the study are the six general dimensions developed by Hackman et ul. (1967). These dimensions are: action orientation, length, originality, optimism, quality of presentation, and issue involvement. They were supplemented by two dimensions assessing the adequacy with which a product met the specific requirements of the task that gave rise to it, and the overall judged "creativity” of a product.
+
+General dimensions:
+(a) Action orientation - the degree to which a product states or implies that a specific or general course of action should be, might be, or wi11 be followed.
+(b) Length.
+(c) Originality - the degree to which the ideas and/or mode of presentation of a product are fresh and unusual (not necessarily “good” or "creative”) as opposed to
+obvious and mundane.
+(d) Optimism - the degree to which the general point of view or tone of a product can be characterized as “positive” or optimistic as opposed to “negative” or pessimistic.
+(e) Quality of presentation - evaluation of the grammatical, rhetorical, and literary qualities of a product.
+(f) Issue involvement - the degree to which a product takes or implies a particular point of view regarding some goal, event, issue, value, or procedure.
+
+Task-dependent dimensions:
+(a) Global creativity
+(b) The judged adequacy with which the product satisfied the specific requirements of the task. For example, if a task required a group to write a story about a polar bear, the adequacy dimension would assess the degree to which the product was indeed a “story” and “about a polar bear.”
+
+## Incentives
+No incentives are mentioned