TryGhost · kevinansfield · Dec 2, 2025 · Dec 2, 2025 · Dec 2, 2025 · Dec 2, 2025
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -15,8 +15,16 @@ jobs:
         env:
           - DB: sqlite3
             NODE_ENV: testing
+          - DB: better-sqlite3
+            NODE_ENV: testing-better-sqlite3
           - DB: mysql8
             NODE_ENV: testing-mysql
+        exclude:
+          # better-sqlite3 requires Node 20.x or later
+          - node: '18.12.1'
+            env:
+              DB: better-sqlite3
+              NODE_ENV: testing-better-sqlite3
     env:
       DB: ${{ matrix.env.DB }}
       NODE_ENV: ${{ matrix.env.NODE_ENV }}

diff --git a/lib/database.js b/lib/database.js
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ exports.drop = function drop(options) {
     } else if (DatabaseInfo.isSQLite(connection)) {
         // @NOTE: sqlite3 does not support "DROP DATABASE". We have to drop each table instead.
         // @NOTE: We cannot just remove the sqlite3 file, because any database connection will get invalid.
-        return connection.raw('SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type="table";')
+        return connection.raw(`SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';`)
             .then(function (tables) {
                 return sequence(tables.map(table => () => {
                     if (table.name === 'sqlite_sequence') {

diff --git a/lib/index.js b/lib/index.js
@@ -1207,7 +1207,8 @@ KnexMigrator.prototype._integrityCheck = async function _integrityCheck(options)
         }
 
         // CASE: migration table does not exist
-        if (err.errno === 1 || err.errno === 1146) {
+        // errno 1 = sqlite3, errno 1146 = mysql, code SQLITE_ERROR = better-sqlite3
+        if (err.errno === 1 || err.errno === 1146 || err.code === 'SQLITE_ERROR') {
             throw new errors.DatabaseIsNotOkError({
                 message: 'Please run `yarn knex-migrator init`',
                 code: 'MIGRATION_TABLE_IS_MISSING'

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
     "sinon": "9.2.4"
   },
   "optionalDependencies": {
+    "better-sqlite3": "12.5.0",
     "sqlite3": "5.1.7"
   }
 }
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations/init/2-seed.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function insert(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Hausweib");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Hausweib');`);
 };
 
 module.exports.down = function insert(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="Hausweib";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='Hausweib';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations/versions/1.0/1-another.js b/test/assets/migrations/versions/1.0/1-another.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function update(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('UPDATE users set name="LULULU";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`UPDATE users set name='LULULU';`);
 };
 
 module.exports.down = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.update('UPDATE users set name="Hausweib";');
+    return options.connection.update(`UPDATE users set name='Hausweib';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_1/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations_1/init/2-seed.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Hausweib");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Hausweib');`);
 };
 
 module.exports.down = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="Hausweib";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='Hausweib';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_2/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations_2/init/2-seed.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Hausweib");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Hausweib');`);
 };
 
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="Hausweib";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='Hausweib';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_3/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations_3/init/2-seed.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Hausweib");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Hausweib');`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_3/init/3-fixtures.js b/test/assets/migrations_3/init/3-fixtures.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Guido");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Guido');`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_4/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations_4/init/2-seed.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Hausweib");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Hausweib');`);
 };
 
 module.exports.down = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="Hausweib";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='Hausweib';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_4/versions/1.1/2-me.js b/test/assets/migrations_4/versions/1.1/2-me.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function doesNothing(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name, country) VALUES("Fun", "France");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name, country) VALUES('Fun', 'France');`);
 };
 
 module.exports.down = function doesNothing(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="Fun";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='Fun';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_4/versions/1.1/3-now.js b/test/assets/migrations_4/versions/1.1/3-now.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function doesNothing(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("James");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('James');`);
 };
 
 module.exports.down = function doesNothing(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="James";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='James';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_5/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations_5/init/2-seed.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Hausweib");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Hausweib');`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_5/versions/1.1/2-me.js b/test/assets/migrations_5/versions/1.1/2-me.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports.up = function doesNothing(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name, country) VALUES("Fun", "France");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name, country) VALUES('Fun', 'France');`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_5/versions/1.1/3-now.js b/test/assets/migrations_5/versions/1.1/3-now.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports.up = function doesNothing(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("James");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('James');`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_5/versions/1.2/2-boy.js b/test/assets/migrations_5/versions/1.2/2-boy.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports.up = function doesSomething(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO dogs (type) VALUES("Zwergpudel");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO dogs (type) VALUES('Zwergpudel');`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_6/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations_6/init/2-seed.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES("Hausweib");');
+    return options.connection.raw(`INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES('Hausweib');`);
 };
 
 module.exports.up = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="Hausweib";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='Hausweib';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/assets/migrations_7/init/2-seed.js b/test/assets/migrations_7/init/2-seed.js
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ module.exports.up = function createTables() {
 };
 
 module.exports.down = function createTables(options) {
-    return options.connection.raw('DELETE FROM users where name="Hausweib";');
+    return options.connection.raw(`DELETE FROM users where name='Hausweib';`);
 };
diff --git a/test/config/env/config.testing-better-sqlite3.json b/test/config/env/config.testing-better-sqlite3.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "database": {
+        "client": "better-sqlite3",
+        "connection": {
+            "filename": "test.db"
+        },
+        "useNullAsDefault": true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/functional/functional_spec.js b/test/functional/functional_spec.js
@@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ _.each(['default', 'migrateInit'], function (initMethod) {
             fs.mkdirSync(migrationsv12);
 
             let jsFile = testUtils.generateMigrationScript({
-                up: 'UPDATE users set name="Hausmann";',
-                down: 'UPDATE users set name="LULULU";'
+                up: `UPDATE users set name='Hausmann';`,
+                down: `UPDATE users set name='LULULU';`
             });
 
             let jsFile1 = testUtils.generateMigrationScript({
-                up: 'UPDATE users set name="Kind";',
-                down: 'UPDATE users set name="Hausmann";'
+                up: `UPDATE users set name='Kind';`,
+                down: `UPDATE users set name='Hausmann';`
             });
 
             fs.writeFileSync(migrationsv11File, jsFile);
@@ -372,8 +372,8 @@ _.each(['default', 'migrateInit'], function (initMethod) {
             fs.mkdirSync(migrationsv13);
 
             let jsFile = testUtils.generateMigrationScript({
-                up: 'DELETE FROM users where name="Kind";',
-                down: 'INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ("Kind");'
+                up: `DELETE FROM users where name='Kind';`,
+                down: `INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ('Kind');`
             });
 
             fs.writeFileSync(migrationsv13File, jsFile);

diff --git a/test/functional/implicit_commits_spec.js b/test/functional/implicit_commits_spec.js
@@ -100,8 +100,11 @@ describe('Implicit Commits', function () {
                     })
                     .catch(function (err) {
                         // table not found
+                        // errno 1146 = mysql, errno 1 = sqlite3, code SQLITE_ERROR = better-sqlite3
                         if (['mysql', 'mysql2'].includes(config.get('database:client'))) {
                             err.errno.should.eql(1146);
+                        } else if (err.code === 'SQLITE_ERROR') {
+                            err.code.should.eql('SQLITE_ERROR');
                         } else {
                             err.errno.should.eql(1);
                         }
@@ -204,8 +207,11 @@ describe('Implicit Commits', function () {
                     })
                     .catch(function (err) {
                         // table not found
+                        // errno 1146 = mysql, errno 1 = sqlite3, code SQLITE_ERROR = better-sqlite3
                         if (['mysql', 'mysql2'].includes(config.get('database:client'))) {
                             err.errno.should.eql(1146);
+                        } else if (err.code === 'SQLITE_ERROR') {
+                            err.code.should.eql('SQLITE_ERROR');
                         } else {
                             err.errno.should.eql(1);
                         }

diff --git a/test/functional/rollback_1_spec.js b/test/functional/rollback_1_spec.js
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ describe('knex-migrator rollback (default)', function () {
         fs.mkdirSync(migration121);
 
         let jsFile = testUtils.generateMigrationScript({
-            up: 'UPDATE users set name="Kind";',
-            down: 'UPDATE users set name="Hausmann";'
+            up: `UPDATE users set name='Kind';`,
+            down: `UPDATE users set name='Hausmann';`
         });
 
         fs.writeFileSync(migration121File, jsFile);

diff --git a/test/functional/rollback_2_spec.js b/test/functional/rollback_2_spec.js
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ describe('knex-migrator rollback (force)', function () {
         fs.mkdirSync(migration121);
 
         let jsFile = testUtils.generateMigrationScript({
-            up: 'UPDATE users set name="Kind";',
-            down: 'UPDATE users set name="Hausmann";'
+            up: `UPDATE users set name='Kind';`,
+            down: `UPDATE users set name='Hausmann';`
         });
 
         fs.writeFileSync(migration121File, jsFile);

diff --git a/test/functional/rollback_4_spec.js b/test/functional/rollback_4_spec.js
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ describe('knex-migrator rollback (to specific version)', function () {
             fs.mkdirSync(migration.folder);
 
             let jsFile = testUtils.generateMigrationScript({
-                up: 'UPDATE users set name="Kind";',
-                down: 'UPDATE users set name="Hausmann";'
+                up: `UPDATE users set name='Kind';`,
+                down: `UPDATE users set name='Hausmann';`
             });
 
             fs.writeFileSync(migration.folder + '/' + migration.file, jsFile);

diff --git a/test/utils.js b/test/utils.js
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ exports.generateMigrationScript = function (options) {
         down = options.down;
 
     let script = 'module.exports.up = function something(options) {' +
-        'return options.connection.raw(\'' + up + '\');' +
+        'return options.connection.raw(`' + up + '`);' +
         '};';
 
     if (options.down) {
         script += 'module.exports.down = function something(options) {' +
-            'return options.connection.raw(\'' + down + '\');' +
+            'return options.connection.raw(`' + down + '`);' +
             '};';
     }
 

diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
@@ -1500,6 +1500,14 @@ bcrypt-pbkdf@^1.0.0:
   dependencies:
     tweetnacl "^0.14.3"
 
+better-sqlite3@12.5.0:
+  version "12.5.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/better-sqlite3/-/better-sqlite3-12.5.0.tgz#c570873d9635b5d56baa52f7e72634c2c589f35f"
+  integrity sha512-WwCZ/5Diz7rsF29o27o0Gcc1Du+l7Zsv7SYtVPG0X3G/uUI1LqdxrQI7c9Hs2FWpqXXERjW9hp6g3/tH7DlVKg==
+  dependencies:
+    bindings "^1.5.0"
+    prebuild-install "^7.1.1"
+
 binary-extensions@^2.0.0:
   version "2.3.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/binary-extensions/-/binary-extensions-2.3.0.tgz#f6e14a97858d327252200242d4ccfe522c445522"