[Enhancement] Bump arrow to 19.0.1 (backport #64238)

[mergify]

Why I'm doing:

What I'm doing:

bump arrow to support parquet legacy encoding nested list.
https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#backward-compatibility-rules

// array<array<int>>
optional group a (LIST) {
    repeated group array (LIST) {
      repeated int32 array;
    }
  }

supported in arrow apache/arrow#43995

Fixes #issue

What type of PR is this:

• BugFix
• Feature
• Enhancement
• Refactor
• UT
• Doc
• Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• Feature removed
• Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • 4.0
  • 3.5
  • 3.4
  • 3.3

---

Note

Upgrades Arrow to 19.0.1 with new/updated patches and extends Parquet legacy list tests to include nested/complex files with targeted reads.

• Third-party/Deps:
  • Upgrade Arrow to 19.0.1 in thirdparty/vars.sh.
  • Update patch flow in thirdparty/download-thirdparty.sh for arrow-apache-arrow-19.0.1.
  • Add patches: thirdparty/patches/arrow-19.0.1-parquet-map-key.patch, thirdparty/patches/arrow-19.0.1-flight-types-clang.patch, and use arrow-19.0.1-use-zstd-1.5.7.patch.
  • Remove obsolete Arrow 5.0.0/16.1.0 patch references.
• Tests (SQL):
  • Add files list_legacy_encoding_nested.parquet and list_legacy_encoding_complex.parquet to OSS setup.
  • Switch wildcard paths to specific file reads; add schema checks and expected results:
    • Validate nested list schema and sample row for list_legacy_encoding_nested.parquet.
    • Validate struct with lists and map for list_legacy_encoding_complex.parquet and assert counts.
    • Add explicit count for list_legacy_encoding.parquet.

^{Written by Cursor Bugbot for commit 854beb8. This will update automatically on new commits. Configure here.}

---

This is an automatic backport of pull request #64238 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

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