[Enhancement] Reduce lock time of schema change in scenarios with a large number of columns

[trueeyu]

Why I'm doing:

This check compatible has a complexity of N^2. In a scenario with many columns (>10000), it will be very slow, causing the table lock to be held for a long time and the import will be stuck.

What I'm doing:

Using hash map to replace the link list.

For a table with 20,000 columns, the lock holding time can be optimized from 12s to 0.8s.

TODO: 0.8s is not reasonable. There is still some optimization points and continuous optimization is needed.

What type of PR is this:

• BugFix
• Feature
• Enhancement
• Refactor
• UT
• Doc
• Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• Feature removed
• Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • 3.3
  • 3.2
  • 3.1
  • 3.0
  • 2.5

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
2 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarCloud

[github-actions]

[Java-Extensions Incremental Coverage Report]

✅ pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

[github-actions]

[FE Incremental Coverage Report]

✅ pass : 22 / 22 (100.00%)

file detail

	path	covered_line	new_line	coverage	not_covered_line_detail
🔵	com/starrocks/alter/SchemaChangeHandler.java	22	22	100.00%	[]

[github-actions]

[BE Incremental Coverage Report]

✅ pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

[github-actions]

@Mergifyio backport branch-3.3

[github-actions]

@Mergifyio backport branch-3.2

[github-actions]

@Mergifyio backport branch-3.1

[mergify]

backport branch-3.3

✅ Backports have been created

• #52842 [Enhancement] Reduce lock time of schema change in scenarios with a large number of columns (backport #52800) has been created for branch branch-3.3

[mergify]

backport branch-3.2

✅ Backports have been created

• #52843 [Enhancement] Reduce lock time of schema change in scenarios with a large number of columns (backport #52800) has been created for branch branch-3.2

[mergify]

backport branch-3.1

✅ Backports have been created

• #52844 [Enhancement] Reduce lock time of schema change in scenarios with a large number of columns (backport #52800) has been created for branch branch-3.1 but encountered conflicts