- NumPy – Foundation for numerical computing with support for arrays/matrices.
- pandas – Data manipulation and analysis with DataFrame structures.
- SciPy – Advanced math, optimization, and scientific computing.
- Dask – Parallel computing for scaling pandas/NumPy workflows.
- Vaex – High-performance DataFrame for big data (lazy evaluation).
- scikit-learn – Classic ML toolkit (classification, regression, clustering).
- TensorFlow – Google’s deep learning framework (highly scalable).
- PyTorch – Facebook’s DL library with dynamic computation graphs.
- Keras – High-level API for neural networks (runs on TF/PyTorch).
- XGBoost/LightGBM – Optimized gradient-boosting libraries.
- Matplotlib – Foundational plotting library (highly customizable).
- Seaborn – Statistical visualizations built on Matplotlib.
- Plotly – Interactive charts (Dash for web apps).
- Bokeh – Interactive visualization for browsers.
- Altair – Declarative statistical visualizations (Vega-Lite backend).
- Django – Full-featured "batteries-included" web framework.
- Flask – Lightweight microframework for APIs/web apps.
- FastAPI – Modern API framework with async support (Pydantic-based).
- Requests – HTTP client for consuming APIs.
- BeautifulSoup/Scrapy – Web scraping (static vs. large-scale crawling).
- Selenium – Browser automation for testing/scraping.
- Pytest – Robust testing framework with fixtures.
- unittest – Python’s built-in testing library.
- Locust – Load testing tool.
- NLTK – Traditional NLP (tokenization, POS tagging).
- spaCy – Industrial-strength NLP with pre-trained models.
- Hugging Face Transformers – State-of-the-art NLP models (BERT, GPT).
- Gensim – Topic modeling (e.g., LDA) and word embeddings.
- OpenCV – Computer vision (object detection, image processing).
- Pillow (PIL) – Image manipulation (cropping, filters).
- scikit-image – Advanced image processing algorithms.
- GeoPandas – Geographic data operations (extends pandas).
- Folium – Interactive maps (Leaflet.js wrapper).
- Shapely – Geometric object manipulation.
- SQLAlchemy – SQL toolkit and ORM.
- Psycopg2 – PostgreSQL adapter.
- MongoDB (PyMongo) – NoSQL database driver.
- tqdm – Progress bars for loops.
- Logging – Built-in logging module.
- Click – Command-line interface (CLI) toolkit.
- LangChain – Framework for LLM applications.
- Polars – Blazing-fast DataFrame library (Rust-powered).
- Streamlit – Turn scripts into interactive web apps.
Each library serves a unique purpose—choose based on your project needs! 🚀