This is a handy cheat sheet for all things Twitch badges.
I assorted the most common ones you'd probably like to use.
The entire official list of global badges can be accessed via the Twitch API and needs an OAuth token: https://dev.twitch.tv/docs/api/reference/#get-global-chat-badges
staff 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/d97c37bd-a6f5-4c38-8f57-4e4bef88af34/1
partner 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/d12a2e27-16f6-41d0-ab77-b780518f00a3/1
premium 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/bbbe0db0-a598-423e-86d0-f9fb98ca1933/1
broadcaster 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/5527c58c-fb7d-422d-b71b-f309dcb85cc1/1
moderator 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/3267646d-33f0-4b17-b3df-f923a41db1d0/1
VIP 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/b817aba4-fad8-49e2-b88a-7cc744dfa6ec/1
founder 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/511b78a9-ab37-472f-9569-457753bbe7d3/1
artist-badge 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/4300a897-03dc-4e83-8c0e-c332fee7057f/1
no_audio 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/aef2cd08-f29b-45a1-8c12-d44d7fd5e6f0/1
no_video 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/199a0dba-58f3-494e-a7fc-1fa0a1001fb8/1
default subscriber 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/5d9f2208-5dd8-11e7-8513-2ff4adfae661/1
channel specific subscriber badge:
Can be found under https://api.twitch.tv/helix/chat/badges?broadcaster_id=CHANNEL_ID and accessed via API request + OAuth token. More info
1 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/f1d8486f-eb2e-4553-b44f-4d614617afc1/1
5 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/3e638e02-b765-4070-81bd-a73d1ae34965/1
10 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/bffca343-9d7d-49b4-a1ca-90af2c6a1639/1
25 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/17e09e26-2528-4a04-9c7f-8518348324d1/1
50 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/47308ed4-c979-4f3f-ad20-35a8ab76d85d/1
100 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/5056c366-7299-4b3c-a15a-a18573650bfb/1
250 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/df25dded-df81-408e-a2d3-40d48f0d529f/1
500 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/f440decb-7468-4bf9-8666-98ba74f6eab5/1
1000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/b8c76744-c7e9-44be-90d0-08840a8f6e39/1
1 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/73b5c3fb-24f9-4a82-a852-2f475b59411c/1
100 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/09d93036-e7ce-431c-9a9e-7044297133f2/1
1000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/0d85a29e-79ad-4c63-a285-3acd2c66f2ba/1
5000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/57cd97fc-3e9e-4c6d-9d41-60147137234e/1
10000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/68af213b-a771-4124-b6e3-9bb6d98aa732/1
25000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/64ca5920-c663-4bd8-bfb1-751b4caea2dd/1
50000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/62310ba7-9916-4235-9eba-40110d67f85d/1
75000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/ce491fa4-b24f-4f3b-b6ff-44b080202792/1
100000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/96f0540f-aa63-49e1-a8b3-259ece3bd098/1
200000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/4a0b90c4-e4ef-407f-84fe-36b14aebdbb6/1
300000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/ac13372d-2e94-41d1-ae11-ecd677f69bb6/1
400000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/a8f393af-76e6-4aa2-9dd0-7dcc1c34f036/1
500000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/f6932b57-6a6e-4062-a770-dfbd9f4302e5/1
600000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/4d908059-f91c-4aef-9acb-634434f4c32e/1
700000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/a1d2a824-f216-4b9f-9642-3de8ed370957/1
800000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/5ec2ee3e-5633-4c2a-8e77-77473fe409e6/1
900000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/088c58c6-7c38-45ba-8f73-63ef24189b84/1
1000000 
https://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/badges/v1/494d1c8e-c3b2-4d88-8528-baff57c9bd3f/1