v1.0.0 (#124)

examples/hello_world/bin/fpdart_hello_world.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import 'package:fpdart/fpdart.dart';
+
+void helloWorld(String message) {
+  print("Hello World: $message");
+}
+
+/// 1️⃣ Pure function (Thunk)
+void Function() helloWorld1(String message) => () {
+      print("Hello World: $message");
+    };
+
+/// A thunk with no error is called [IO] in `fpdart`
+IO<void> helloWorld1Fpdart(String message) => IO(() {
+      print("Hello World: $message");
+    });
+
+/// 2️⃣ Explicit error
+/// Understand from the return type if and how the function may fail
+Either<Never, void> Function() helloWorld2(String message) => () {
+      print("Hello World: $message");
+      return Either.of(null);
+    };
+
+/// A thunk with explicit error [Either] is called [IOEither] in `fpdart`
+IOEither<Never, void> helloWorld2Fpdart1(String message) => IOEither(() {
+      print("Hello World: $message");
+      return Either.of(null);
+    });
+
+/// ...or using the `right` constructor
+IOEither<Never, void> helloWorld2Fpdart2(String message) => IOEither.right(() {
+      print("Hello World: $message");
+    });
+
+/// 3️⃣ Explicit dependency
+/// Provide the `print` method as a dependency instead of implicit global function
+
+abstract class Console {
+  void log(Object? object);
+}
+
+class ConsoleImpl implements Console {
+  @override
+  void log(Object? object) {
+    print(object);
+  }
+}
+
+Either<Never, void> Function() Function(Console) helloWorld3(String message) =>
+    (console) => () {
+          console.log("Hello World: $message");
+          return Either.of(null);
+        };
+
+/// Thunk (async) + error + dependency is called [ReaderTaskEither] in `fpdart`
+ReaderTaskEither<Console, Never, void> helloWorld3Fpdart(String message) =>
+    ReaderTaskEither((console) async {
+      console.log("Hello World: $message");
+      return Either.of(null);
+    });
+
+void main(List<String> args) {
+  final definition = helloWorld3("Sandro");
+  final thunk = definition(ConsoleImpl());
+  thunk();
+}

examples/hello_world/bin/hello_world.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+void helloWorld(String message) {
+  print("Hello World: $message");
+}
+
+void main(List<String> args) {
+  helloWorld("Sandro");
+}

examples/hello_world/pubspec.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+name: fpdart_hello_world
+publish_to: none
+version: 0.1.0
+homepage: https://www.sandromaglione.com/
+repository: https://github.com/SandroMaglione/fpdart
+description: Example of Functional programming in Dart and Flutter using fpdart. Write a simple "Hello World" using fpdart.
+author: Maglione Sandro <lass.maglio@gmail.com>
+
+environment:
+  sdk: ">=3.0.0 <4.0.0"
+
+dependencies:
+  fpdart:
+    path: ../../packages/fpdart
+
+dev_dependencies:
+  lint: ^2.1.2
+  test: ^1.24.3
+  mocktail: ^0.3.0

examples/hello_world/test/fpdart_hello_world_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import 'package:mocktail/mocktail.dart';
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+import '../bin/fpdart_hello_world.dart';
+
+class ConsoleTest extends Mock implements Console {}
+
+void main() {
+  group('helloWorld3Fpdart', () {
+    test(
+      'should call "log" from the "Console" dependency with the correct input',
+      () async {
+        final console = ConsoleTest();
+        const input = "test";
+
+        when(() => console.log(any)).thenReturn(null);
+        await helloWorld3Fpdart(input).run(console);
+        verify(() => console.log("Hello World: $input")).called(1);
+      },
+    );
+  });
+}

examples/hello_world/test/hello_world_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  group('helloWorld', () {
+    /// `'should call "print" with the correct input'`
+    ///
+    /// This is difficult to test, since `print` is an implicit dependency 🙌
+    ///
+    /// Furthermore, `print` will be executed at every test. Imagine having a
+    /// request to update a production database instead of `print` (both are side-effects),
+    /// you do not want to interact with a real database with tests ⚠️
+  });
+}

examples/managing_imports/README.md

@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 # Managing Imports
 
-Naming things is hard.  Sometimes, the same name gets used for different things. In Dart, naming conflicts can be mitigated through the use of import prefixes, as well as show and hide operations.  This is particularly important when using a package like `fpdart` that provides a lot of classes with common names.
+Naming things is hard.  Sometimes, the same name gets used for different things. In Dart, naming conflicts can be mitigated through the use of [import prefixes](https://dart.dev/language/libraries#specifying-a-library-prefix), as well as [show and hide operations](https://dart.dev/language/libraries#importing-only-part-of-a-library).
 
-Suppose you decide to use `fpdart` with your Flutter program. You'll quickly discover that `fpdart` uses `State` as a class name, which conflicts with the `State` class in Flutter.
+This is particularly important when using a package like `fpdart` that provides a lot of classes with common names.
 
-That's problem 1.
+As an example, suppose you decide to use `fpdart` with your Flutter program. You'll quickly discover that `fpdart` uses `State` as a class name, which conflicts with the `State` class in Flutter.
 
-Now also suppose you also choose to use `fpdart`'s `Tuple2` class. That's a lot less likely to conflict with anything, but it's still possible. However, you also decide you need a `Tuple3`. `fpdart` doesn't have one. (And likely never will, thanks to the upcoming records feature.)
+The solution is to create an import shim that solves both of these problems. We'll call it `functional.dart`. This shim will import `fpdart`, and re-export the classes we want to use. We can rename `fpdart`'s `State` to `FpState` to avoid the conflict. We can then import `functional.dart` instead of `fpdart`.
 
-However, you found one in the [tuple](https://pub.dev/packages/tuple) package, along with `Tuple4` and `Tuple5`, even though it doesn't have much more than element accessors. Close enough for your application.
+`functional.dart` can also hold any other functional programming utilities we want to use. It can also be used to provide or import class extensions and mapping functions between our types and the functional types.
 
-But now, you decide to import `tuple` as well, and you get a naming conflict for `Tuple2`.
-
-That's problem 2.
-
-The solution is to create an import shim that solves both of these problems. We'll call it `functional.dart`. This shim will import `fpdart` and `tuple`, and re-export the classes we want to use. And, we can rename `fpdart`'s `State` to `FpState` to avoid the conflict. We can then import `functional.dart` instead of `fpdart` and `tuple`.
-
-`functional.dart` can also hold any other functional programming utilities we want to use. It can also be used to provide or import class extensions and mapping functions between our types and the functional types.  A one-stop shop for functional programming in Dart!
+A one-stop shop for functional programming in Dart!

examples/managing_imports/bin/managing_imports.dart

@@ -1,32 +1,17 @@
 import 'package:managing_imports/functional.dart';
 import 'package:test/test.dart';
 
-void main(List<String> arguments) {
-  // borrow the flatMap test from state_test.dart
+void main() {
+  /// Borrow the `flatMap` test from `state_test.dart`
   test('flatMap', () {
-    final state = FpState<List<int>, int>((s) => Tuple2(s.first, s.sublist(1)));
+    final state = FpState<List<int>, int>((s) => (s.first, s.sublist(1)));
     final ap = state.flatMap<double>(
       (a) => FpState(
-        (s) => Tuple2(a / 2, s.sublist(1)),
+        (s) => (a / 2, s.sublist(1)),
       ),
     );
     final result = ap.run([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
-    expect(result.first, 0.5);
-    expect(result.second, [3, 4, 5]);
-  });
-
-  test('Tuple2', () {
-    const tuple = Tuple2(1, 2);
-    // this is the item access syntax for the fpdart package
-    expect(tuple.first, 1);
-    expect(tuple.second, 2);
-  });
-
-  test('Tuple3', () {
-    const tuple = Tuple3(1, 2, 3);
-    // this is the item access syntax for the tuple package
-    expect(tuple.item1, 1);
-    expect(tuple.item2, 2);
-    expect(tuple.item3, 3);
+    expect(result.$1, 0.5);
+    expect(result.$2, [3, 4, 5]);
   });
 }

examples/managing_imports/lib/functional.dart

@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ import 'package:fpdart/fpdart.dart' as fpdart show State;
 
 // The `fpdart` library is used to create functional programming constructs.
 export 'package:fpdart/fpdart.dart' hide State;
-// The `tuple` library is used to create tuples, which are immutable lists of
-// fixed length.
-export 'package:tuple/tuple.dart' show Tuple3, Tuple4, Tuple5, Tuple6, Tuple7;
 
 /// A type alias for the `State` class from the `fpdart` library.
 typedef FpState<S, A> = fpdart.State<S, A>;

examples/managing_imports/pubspec.yaml

@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ version: 1.0.0
 publish_to: none
 
 environment:
-  sdk: ">=2.18.6 <3.0.0"
+  sdk: ">=3.0.0 <4.0.0"
 
 dependencies:
   fpdart:
     path: ../../packages/fpdart
   test:
-  tuple:
   very_good_analysis:
 
 dev_dependencies:

examples/open_meteo_api/lib/src/fpdart/open_meteo_api_client_fpdart.dart

@@ -29,44 +29,44 @@ class OpenMeteoApiClientFpdart {
         ),
         LocationHttpRequestFpdartFailure.new,
       ).chainEither(
-        (response) => Either.Do(($) {
-          final body = $(
+        (response) => Either.Do((_) {
+          final body = _(
             _validResponseBody(response, LocationRequestFpdartFailure.new),
           );
 
-          final json = $(
+          final json = _(
             Either.tryCatch(
               () => jsonDecode(body),
               (_, __) => LocationInvalidJsonDecodeFpdartFailure(body),
             ),
           );
 
-          final data = $(
+          final data = _(
             Either<OpenMeteoApiFpdartLocationFailure,
                 Map<dynamic, dynamic>>.safeCast(
               json,
               LocationInvalidMapFpdartFailure.new,
             ),
           );
 
-          final currentWeather = $(
+          final currentWeather = _(
             data
                 .lookup('results')
                 .toEither(LocationKeyNotFoundFpdartFailure.new),
           );
 
-          final results = $(
+          final results = _(
             Either<OpenMeteoApiFpdartLocationFailure, List<dynamic>>.safeCast(
               currentWeather,
               LocationInvalidListFpdartFailure.new,
             ),
           );
 
-          final weather = $(
+          final weather = _(
             results.head.toEither(LocationDataNotFoundFpdartFailure.new),
           );
 
-          return $(
+          return _(
             Either.tryCatch(
               () => Location.fromJson(weather as Map<String, dynamic>),
               LocationFormattingFpdartFailure.new,

examples/pokeapi_functional/lib/api/fetch_pokemon.dart

@@ -51,17 +51,17 @@ TaskEither<String, Pokemon> fetchPokemon(int pokemonId) => TaskEither.tryCatch(
 ///
 /// All the functions are simply chained together following the principle of composability.
 TaskEither<String, Pokemon> fetchPokemonFromUserInput(String pokemonId) =>
-    TaskEither.Do(($) async {
-      final validPokemonId = await $(_validateUserPokemonId(
+    TaskEither.Do((_) async {
+      final validPokemonId = await _(_validateUserPokemonId(
         pokemonId,
       ).toTaskEither());
-      return $(fetchPokemon(validPokemonId));
+      return _(fetchPokemon(validPokemonId));
     });
 
-TaskEither<String, Pokemon> fetchRandomPokemon = TaskEither.Do(($) async {
-  final pokemonId = await $(randomInt(
+TaskEither<String, Pokemon> fetchRandomPokemon = TaskEither.Do((_) async {
+  final pokemonId = await _(randomInt(
     Constants.minimumPokemonId,
     Constants.maximumPokemonId + 1,
   ).toTaskEither());
-  return $(fetchPokemon(pokemonId));
+  return _(fetchPokemon(pokemonId));
 });

examples/read_write_file/main.dart

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import 'package:fpdart/fpdart.dart';
  * Read lines from a `.txt` file using [TaskEither] of fpdart.
  * 
  * This application reads from two files containing english and italian sentences.
- * It then uses `zip` to join the two resulting lists together in a `List<Tuple2<String, String>>`.
+ * It then uses `zip` to join the two resulting lists together in a `List<(String, String)>`.
  * 
  * Finally, it uses `flatMap` and `foldLeft` to iterate over the sentences and search words from a predefined list (`searchWords`).
  * At the end, we have a list of [FoundWord] containing all the sentences and words matched.
@@ -32,21 +32,21 @@ class FoundWord {
 const searchWords = ['that', 'and', 'for'];
 
 Iterable<FoundWord> collectFoundWords(
-  Iterable<Tuple2<String, String>> iterable,
+  Iterable<(String, String)> iterable,
 ) =>
     iterable.flatMapWithIndex(
       (tuple, index) => searchWords.foldLeftWithIndex<List<FoundWord>>(
         [],
         (acc, word, wordIndex) =>
-            tuple.second.toLowerCase().split(' ').contains(word)
+            tuple.$2.toLowerCase().split(' ').contains(word)
                 ? [
                     ...acc,
                     FoundWord(
                       index,
                       word,
                       wordIndex,
-                      tuple.second.replaceAll(word, '<\$>'),
-                      tuple.first,
+                      tuple.$2.replaceAll(word, '<\$>'),
+                      tuple.$1,
                     ),
                   ]
                 : acc,
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ Iterable<FoundWord> collectFoundWords(
 
 void main() async {
   final collectDoNotation = TaskEither<String, Iterable<FoundWord>>.Do(
-    ($) async {
-      final linesIta = await $(readFileAsync('./assets/source_ita.txt'));
-      final linesEng = await $(readFileAsync('./assets/source_eng.txt'));
+    (_) async {
+      final linesIta = await _(readFileAsync('./assets/source_ita.txt'));
+      final linesEng = await _(readFileAsync('./assets/source_eng.txt'));
       final linesZip = linesIta.zip(linesEng);
       return collectFoundWords(linesZip);
     },

examples/read_write_file/pubspec.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ description: Example of Functional programming in Dart and Flutter using fpdart.
 author: Maglione Sandro <lass.maglio@gmail.com>
 
 environment:
-  sdk: ">=2.13.0 <3.0.0"
+  sdk: ">=3.0.0 <4.0.0"
 
 dependencies:
   fpdart: