[rocprofiler-systems] Add MPI rank/size and configuration to rocpd_process metadata

[mradosav-amd]

Motivation

When profiling MPI applications, the rocpd database's rocpd_process table lacked critical context about the MPI environment (rank, communicator size) and profiler configuration settings. This made it difficult to correlate profiling data with specific MPI processes and understand the configuration used during profiling.

Technical Details

• Extended process metadata struct with environment and extdata JSON fields
• Added print_settings_json() to serialize profiler configuration to JSON format
• Implemented MPI init callback mechanism in mpi_gotcha to capture MPI_COMM_WORLD_RANK
  and MPI_COMM_WORLD_SIZE after MPI initialization
• Configuration settings are now stored in extdata column; MPI environment in environment column
• Added SQL quote escaping helper for JSON strings containing double quotes

JIRA ID

AIPROFSYST-175

Test Plan

• Run profiler on MPI application with multiple ranks
• Verify rocpd database contains correct MPI rank/size in rocpd_process.environment
• Verify profiler configuration is stored in rocpd_process.extdata
• Test with non-MPI applications to ensure no regressions

Test Result

• rocpd_process table should contain JSON with MPI_COMM_WORLD_RANK and MPI_COMM_WORLD_SIZE for each MPI process
• extdata column should contain JSON with all non-hidden, enabled configuration settings (e.g., ROCPROFSYS_OUTPUT_PATH, sampling settings, etc.)
• Non-MPI applications should have empty environment but still populate extdata

Submission Checklist

• Look over the contributing guidelines at https://github.com/ROCm/ROCm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#pull-requests.

[dgaliffiAMD]

Please see comments below. It looks good overall. Thank you.