Add inplace strategy bak

[pangyoki]

PR types

New features

PR changes

APIs

Describe

PR #30103 的备份PR

动态图支持Inplace策略：不新建输出VarBase，直接将输入VarBase传递给输出。与静态图已添加Inplace策略的op对齐。为与该策略相关的OP新增python API接口。

• 支持的OP
  与静态图已支持Inplace策略的OP对齐，一共有38个。在这个PR中，为squeeze2、unsqueeze2、reshape2、scatter
elu、relu、softmax、tanh 8个OP添加了Inplace策略。其它OP后续会添加Inplace支持。

• API接口
  为需要使用Inplace策略的OP新增python API接口，API名称为现有API名称加上下划线_，用户可选择是否使用这类API组网。
  对上述8个OP，对应添加python API接口：squeeze_、unsqueeze_、reshape_、scatter_
elu_、relu_、softmax_、tanh_ 。

• 生成的op function
  在op_function_generator层面添加动态图Inplace机制，以squeeze2 op为例，添加Inplace策略后，生成的op function为imperative_squeeze2_。
  主要改变为：

  • 检查需要做inplace的var是否为stop_gradient=False的叶子节点，如果是，则会报错。
  • inplace var的 inplace_version 增加1。
  • 输入Var直接传递给输出。

  std::tuple<std::shared_ptr<imperative::VarBase>,std::shared_ptr<imperative::VarBase>> imperative_squeeze2_(const py::handle& X_, const py::args& args)
  {
    
    auto X = CastPyHandleToVarBase("squeeze2", "X", 0, X_, false);
    framework::AttributeMap attrs;
    ConstructAttrMapFromPyArgs("squeeze2", 1, &attrs, args);
    {
      py::gil_scoped_release release;
      auto tracer = imperative::GetCurrentTracer();
      
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        X->IsLeaf() && !X->OverridedStopGradient(), false,
        platform::errors::InvalidArgument("Leaf Var (%s) that doesn't stop gradient can't use inplace strategy.", X->Name()));
      X->BumpInplaceVersion();
      VLOG(3) << "Var(" << X->Name() << ") uses Inplace Strategy.";
  
      imperative::NameVarBaseMap outs = {{"Out", {X}},{"XShape", {std::shared_ptr<imperative::VarBase>(new imperative::VarBase(tracer->GenerateUniqueName()))}}};
      imperative::NameVarBaseMap ins = {{"X", {X}}};
      
      tracer->TraceOp("squeeze2", ins, outs, attrs, {{"X", "Out"}});
      return std::make_tuple(outs["Out"][0],outs["XShape"][0]); 
    }   
  }
  

• squeeze_() API使用示例

  import paddle
  
  x = paddle.rand([5, 1, 10])
  output = paddle.squeeze_(x, axis=1)
  
  print(x.shape)  # [5, 10]
  print(output.shape)  # [5, 10]
  print(id(x) == id(output))  # True
  

• Inplace报错

  • stop_gradient=False的叶子节点

  import paddle
  
  a = paddle.rand([2,3,1])
  a.stop_gradient = False
  a.squeeze_()
  # ValueError: (InvalidArgument) Leaf Var (dygraph_tmp_2) that doesn't stop gradient can't use inplace strategy.
  

  • 反向执行计算错误，Inplace反向检测，实现见 PR [Dynamic] Check whether there is any inplace operation affecting gradient calculation #27901 。

  import paddle
  
  a = paddle.rand([2,3,1])
  a.stop_gradient = False
  
  b = a ** 2
  c = b ** 2
  b.squeeze_()
  
  c.sum().backward()
  # RuntimeError: (PermissionDenied) Tensor 'dygraph_tmp_2' used in gradient computation in grad op 'elementwise_pow_grad' has been modified by an inplace operation. Its version is 1 but the expected version is 0. Please fix your code to void calling an inplace operator after using the Tensor which will used in gradient computation
  

• 实现要点

  • op function generator中加入动态图使用Inplace策略的逻辑
  • 反向op执行时不会用Inplace策略，对inplace反向op，需要生成临时var
  • inplace反向构造网络时会出现递归问题：修改GradOpMaker中SetInput和SetOutput逻辑
  • inplace var会出现梯度聚合问题：将basic_engine中accumulator_的key加入grad_node

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