Abstract Workflow Language Schema

Early Draft of an application of OO-LD on Abstract Syntax Trees in order share workflow descriptions and map them bidirectional to RDF.

Background

Workflows play an essential part in structuring the processing of both physical objects and data. Despite the relevance of detailed information about the processing history of a resulting asset for provenance, compareability and reproduceability a detailed and machine readable description of the workflow is usually not part of our scientific work and publication. AWL and AWL-LD address this issue by creating tools and definitions to document both experimental and computational workflows. The aim is to provide common notations for workflows in order to generate a semantic description that allows further analytics and transformations based on OO-LD. Based on the AST representation of any program code (e.g. python) or existing declarative representations it is framework agnostic and can interlink generic (e.g. prefect, argo) and scientific workflow frameworks (e.g. aiida, pyiron, perqueue).

Abstract Workflow Language Schema

For illustration we use the AST generated by the python std-lib ast module, see also implementation in awl-python. However, the concept should work with any AST (examples see https://astexplorer.net/) although it is recommeded to stick to core language patterns with broad language support.

Objectives

Language-agnostic JSON serialization
Support for any pattern that is supported by programming languages (Conditions, Loops, Function calls)
Option to restrict supported features via JSON-SCHEMA (e.g. don't allow class declarations, allow only a whitelist of function calls, restrict function call parameters)
Option to map to RDF via JSON-LD context in order to allow complex analytics and queries via SPARQL or SHACL (e.g. find all workflows that make use of certain functions in a specific order)

Use Cases

Conceptual Assessment

What is the input and output of a node?
Validate a planned workflow => Is it executeable, Is it scientifically sound? see example
Validate executed workflow => Did a state / constellation / path occur that is not valid (probably due to knowledge that was not present while planning)?
Path finding: How can nodes be connected to get from input type A to output of type B? see example

Code Execution Provenance through code / system inspection

What were the parameters that the workflow my_workflow was ever executed with?
What was y in function_two when my_workflow was executed with parameters (1,2)
How long did the execution of the workflow my_workflow (1,2) took, what were the most expensive execution steps?
What was the architecture of the node this most expensive computation step was execute on (e.g. number of cores, memory)
Which package versions were loaded? Was scipy scipy version < 1.15 used?

Execution Environment Provenance (out of scope for AWL, needs workflow environment / versionized file store)

Which workflows used in their execution a docker container "xyz" for a specific node?
What was the version number/conda enviroment/git_commit for the node function_two in the workflow execution of my_workflow that resulted in output=1?
what was the content of that file when my_workflow was executed with parameters (1,2)

Playground

A playground to work with AWL can be found here: AWL Playground (Work in progress)

Schema

Python-AST

Note: The context makes use of type-scoped contexts, see https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/#scoped-contexts

Note: The schema section is empty allowing any AST. However, workflow domains should define a restricted set of e.g. function calls that represent available and safe options.

'@context':
  - awl: https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/
    ex: https://example.org/
    '@base': https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/
    _type: '@type'
    id: '@id'
    body: awl:HasPart
    Name:
      '@id': awl:Variable
      '@context':
        '@base': https://example.org/
    targets: awl:HasTarget
    value:
      '@id': awl:HasValue
      '@context':
        value: '@value'
    If:
      '@id': awl:If
      '@context':
        body: awl:IfTrue
    orelse: awl:IfFalse
    test: awl:HasCondition
    comparators: awl:HasRightHandComparator
    ops: awl:HasOperator
    left: awl:HasLeftHandComparator
    func:
      '@id': awl:HasFunctionCall
      '@context':
        '@base': https://example.org/
        Name: awl:Function
        value: awl:HasValue
    args: awl:HasArgument
    keywords:
      '@id': awl:HasKeywordArgument
      '@context':
        value: awl:HasValue
    arg: awl:HasKey
title: AWL
type: object

Blocks

If-Else-Block

if a == 1:
    b = 1
else:
    b = 'test'

Python Code

_type: Module
body:
  - _type: If
    body:
      - _type: Assign
        targets:
          - _type: Name
            id: b
        value:
          _type: Constant
          value: 1
    orelse:
      - _type: Assign
        targets:
          - _type: Name
            id: b
        value:
          _type: Constant
          value: test
    test:
      _type: Compare
      comparators:
        - _type: Constant
          value: 1
      left:
        _type: Name
        id: a
      ops:
        - _type: Eq
type_ignores: []

AST

<https://example.org/run> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/x> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Variable> .
_:b0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Module> .
_:b0 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b1 .
_:b0 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b3 .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Assign> .
_:b1 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasTarget> <https://example.org/x> .
_:b1 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b2 .
_:b2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/run> .
_:b3 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Expr> .
_:b3 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b4 .
_:b4 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b4 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> <https://example.org/x> .
_:b4 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/run> .

RDF

Funtion call

x = run(a=1))
run(x)

Python Code

_type: Module
body:
  - _type: Assign
    body: []
    value:
      _type: Call
      args: []
      func:
        _type: Name
        id: run
      keywords:
        - _type: keyword
          arg: a
          value:
            _type: Constant
            value: 1
    targets:
      - _type: Name
        id: x
  - _type: Expr
    body: []
    value:
      _type: Call
      args:
        - _type: Name
          id: x
      func:
        _type: Name
        id: run
      keywords: []
type_ignores: []

AST

<https://example.org/run> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/x> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Variable> .
_:b0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Module> .
_:b0 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b1 .
_:b0 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b3 .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Assign> .
_:b1 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasTarget> <https://example.org/x> .
_:b1 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b2 .
_:b2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/run> .
_:b3 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Expr> .
_:b3 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b4 .
_:b4 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b4 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> <https://example.org/x> .
_:b4 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/run> .

RDF

Code Execution

Beside the static code analysis with AST we can also trace the actual code execution e.g. with the python tracing module. This provides us with a detailed log about the called functions, taken paths in control structures (If-Else, While), state of internal variables and timing information.

Example (see also playground):

def function_one(x):
    u = 'https://play.min.io/bucket/example.csv?versioinId=fe45d98a'
    return x

def function_two(y):
    return y

def function_three(c, d):
    return c + d

def my_workflow(a, b, d=0):
    if a > 0:
        c = function_one(a)
    else:
        c = function_two(b)
    while d <= 0:
        d = function_three(c, d)
    return d
my_workflow(1, 2)

Workflow Code

- func: my_workflow
  lineno: 11
  locals:
  - name: a
    value: 1
  - name: b
    value: 2
  - name: d
    value: 0
  os:
    cores: 8
  timestamp: 1742034345.611
  type: call
- func: function_one
  lineno: 1
  locals:
  - name: x
    value: 1
  os:
    cores: 8
  timestamp: 1742034345.613
  type: call
- func: function_one
  lineno: 3
  locals:
  - name: u
    value: https://play.min.io/bucket/example.csv?versioinId=fe45d98a
  - name: x
    value: 1
  os:
    cores: 8
  timestamp: 1742034345.614
  type: return
- ...

Tracing output

Transforming the result with JSON-LD leads, e.g. to a list of all visited functions (see playground)

{
  "@context": {
    "awl": "https://awl.org/",
    "ex": "https://example.org/",
    "@base": "https://awl.org/",
    "steps": {
      "@id": "awl:HasStep",
      "@container": "@list"
    },
    "func": {
      "@id": "awl:calls",
      "@type": "@id",
      "@context": {
        "@base": "ex"
      }
    },
    "type": {
      "@id": "@type"
    },
    "call": {
      "@id": "awl:Call"
    },
    "locals": {
      "@id": "awl:Parameters",
      "@type": "@id",
      "@context": {
        "@base": "https://example.org/",
        "name": "awl:HasName",
        "value": "awl:HasValue"
      }
    }
  },
  "type": "awl:WorkflowRun",
  "steps": [
    {
      "type": "call",
      "locals": [
        {
          "name": "a",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "b",
          "value": 2
        },
        {
          "name": "d",
          "value": 0
        }
      ],
      "func": "ex:my_workflow"
    },
    {
      "type": "call",
      "locals": {
        "name": "x",
        "value": 1
      },
      "func": "ex:function_one"
    },
    {
      "type": "call",
      "locals": [
        {
          "name": "c",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "d",
          "value": 0
        }
      ],
      "func": "ex:function_three"
    }
  ]
}

JSON-LD

_:b0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://awl.org/WorkflowRun> .
_:b0 <https://awl.org/HasStep> _:b4 .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://awl.org/Call> .
_:b1 <https://awl.org/calls> <https://ex.org/my_workflow> .
_:b2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://awl.org/Call> .
_:b2 <https://awl.org/calls> <https://ex.org/function_one> .
_:b3 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://awl.org/Call> .
_:b3 <https://awl.org/calls> <https://ex.org/function_three> .
_:b4 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> _:b1 .
_:b4 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:b5 .
_:b5 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> _:b2 .
_:b5 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:b6 .
_:b6 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> _:b3 .
_:b6 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> .

RDF (only function call order)

The union graph of the abstract workflow definition (T-Box) and the individual workflow execution (A-Box) now allows to track all relevant information. For visualization purposes we frame the graph with the workflow execution as root (see playground).

Rendering the resulting JSON-LD document as graph provides us the full picture (see playground / Tab: Visualized)

Visualization of the union graph (individual workflow execution / A-Box on the left, abstract workflow definition / T-Box on the right) that shows the execution of ex:my_workflow and its subnodes ex:function_one and ex:function_three, skipping ex:function_two

Examples

While it wouldn't make much sense to generate AWL for a complex python program it can be the right tool to define the high-leven function calling sequence on top of base libs.

Planning of Workflows

Using class as type annotations of functions / workflow nodes can provide us an input-output perpective on.

from pydantic import BaseModel

class RawData(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(
        json_schema_extra={
            "@context": {
                "ex": "https://example.org/",
                ...
            },
            "iri": "ex:RawData",  # the IRI of the class
        }
    )
    pass

class Data(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(
        json_schema_extra={
            "@context": {
                ...
            },
            "iri": "ex:Data",  # the IRI of the class
        }
    )
    pass

class Plot(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(
        json_schema_extra={
            "@context": {
                ...
            },
            "iri": "ex:Plot",  # the IRI of the class
        }
    )
    pass

def analyse(input: RawData) -> Data:
    ...
    return Data(...)

def visualize(input: Data) -> Plot:
    ...
    return Plot(...)

Note: Classes should be globally identifiable by their import path and/or an IRI annotation.

Converting this code to a graph will provide us an inventory of nodes (see playground

flowchart TD
    f1(ex:analyze) -->|awl:hasInput| c1[ex:RawData]
    f1 -->|awl:hasOutput| c2[ex:Data]
    f2(ex:plot) -->|awl:hasInput| c2
    f2 -->|awl:hasOutput| c3[ex:Plot]

{
  "@context": {
    "awl": "https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/",
    "ex": "https://example.org/",
    "type": "@type",
    "id": "@id",
    "input": {
      "@id": "awl:hasInput",
      "@type": "@id"
    },
    "output": {
      "@id": "awl:hasOutput",
      "@type": "@id"
    }
  },
  "@graph": [
    {
      "id": "ex:analyse",
      "type": "awl:FunctionDef",
      "input": "ex:RawData",
      "output": "ex:Data"
    },
    {
      "id": "ex:visualize",
      "type": "awl:FunctionDef",
      "input": "ex:Data",
      "output": "ex:Plot"
    }
  ]
}

<https://example.org/analyse> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/FunctionDef> .
<https://example.org/analyse> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/hasInput> <https://example.org/RawData> .
<https://example.org/analyse> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/hasOutput> <https://example.org/Data> .
<https://example.org/visualize> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/FunctionDef> .
<https://example.org/visualize> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/hasInput> <https://example.org/Data> .
<https://example.org/visualize> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/hasOutput> <https://example.org/Plot> .

Validation of Workflows

Example

class Pullover:
   color: Literal["white", "pink", "black"]

class TShirt:
   color: Literal["white", "pink", "black"]

class WhiteTShirt:
   color: Literal["white"] = "white"

class DyedTShirt:
   color: Literal["white", "pink", "black"]

def dye_pink_unchecked(shirt: TShirt):
  "I dye any shirt pink"
  shirt.color = "pink"
  return shirt

def dye_pink_type_checked(shirt: WhiteTShirt):
  "I dye white shirts pink"
  shirt.color = "pink"
  return shirt

def dye_pink_runtime_checked(shirt: TShirt):
  "I dye white shirts pink"
  if shirt.color == "white":
    shirt.color = "pink"
  else: raise TypeError("Can only dye white shirts")
  return shirt

Assuming only white t-shirts can be dyed pink in reality, the following validation cases could occur:

case	planning-check	runtime-check	reality-check
`dye_pink(TShirt(color="white"))`	valid	valid	valid
`dye_pink(Pullover())`	invalid	-	-
`dye_pink(TShirt(color="black"))`	valid	valid	invalid
`dye_pink_type_checked(TShirt(color="black"))`	invalid	-	-
`dye_pink_runtime_checked(TShirt(color="black"))`	valid	invalid	-

In addition we can define the scenario that dye_once must never be executed twice on the same object.

def dye_once_unchecked(shirt: TShirt) -> TShirt:
  shirt.color = "pink"
  return TShirt(color="pink")

def dye_once_type_check(shirt: TShirt) -> DyedTShirt:
  return DyedTShirt(color="pink")

The following code can be detected as invalid with dye_once_type_check by using static type checking at the planning phase, which is not the case if dye_once_unchecked is used

tshirt = dye_once_*(TShirt(color=white))
tshirt = dye_once_*(tshirt)

The following code needs a more complex analysis during/after runtime. dye_once_type_check will fail at runtime if a and b is True, but dye_once_type_check would required a tracing of the object tshirt

tshirt = TShirt()
if a : tshirt = dye_once_*(tshirt)
if b : tshirt = dye_once_*(tshirt)

Experimental Workflow

Validation and comparison of battery cycling procedures consisting of a limited set of methodes and control structures:

class VoltageUnit(str, Enum):
    """note: identifiers SHOULD be compatible with pint"""
    V: "<iri>"
    mV: "<iri>"

class Voltage(BaseModel):
    value: float
    unit: Optional[VoltageUnit] = VoltageUnit.V
    
class ChargeParam(BaseModel):
    target_voltage: Union[float, Voltage]

class Battery(BaseModel):
    def charge(self, param: ChargeParam):
        ...

Common lib

i = 0 
while (
        i < 1000 and
        battery.get(Temperature) < Temperature(100) and 
        battery.get(StateOfHealth) > StateOfHealth(80)    
):
    battery.charge(ChargingParam(target_voltage=Voltage(4.2), c_rate=CRate(0.23)))
    battery.discharge(ChargingParam(target_voltage=Voltage(3.7), c_rate=CRate(0.23)))
    battery.rest(RestParam(duration=Duration(10)))
    battery.set(StateOfHealth) = ...
    i += 1

Specific procedure

AST

_type: Module
body:
  - _type: Assign
    targets:
      - _type: Name
        id: i
    value:
      _type: Constant
      value: 0
  - _type: While
    body:
      - _type: Expr
        value:
          _type: Call
          args:
            - _type: Call
              args: []
              func:
                _type: Name
                id: ChargingParam
              keywords:
                - _type: keyword
                  arg: target_voltage
                  value:
                    _type: Call
                    args:
                      - _type: Constant
                        value: 4.2
                    func:
                      _type: Name
                      id: Voltage
                    keywords: []
                - _type: keyword
                  arg: c_rate
                  value:
                    _type: Call
                    args:
                      - _type: Constant
                        value: 0.23
                    func:
                      _type: Name
                      id: CRate
                    keywords: []
          func:
            _type: Attribute
            attr: charge
            value:
              _type: Name
              id: battery
          keywords: []
      - _type: Expr
        value:
          _type: Call
          args:
            - _type: Call
              args: []
              func:
                _type: Name
                id: ChargingParam
              keywords:
                - _type: keyword
                  arg: target_voltage
                  value:
                    _type: Call
                    args:
                      - _type: Constant
                        value: 3.7
                    func:
                      _type: Name
                      id: Voltage
                    keywords: []
                - _type: keyword
                  arg: c_rate
                  value:
                    _type: Call
                    args:
                      - _type: Constant
                        value: 0.23
                    func:
                      _type: Name
                      id: CRate
                    keywords: []
          func:
            _type: Attribute
            attr: discharge
            value:
              _type: Name
              id: battery
          keywords: []
      - _type: Expr
        value:
          _type: Call
          args:
            - _type: Call
              args: []
              func:
                _type: Name
                id: RestParam
              keywords:
                - _type: keyword
                  arg: duration
                  value:
                    _type: Call
                    args:
                      - _type: Constant
                        value: 10
                    func:
                      _type: Name
                      id: Duration
                    keywords: []
          func:
            _type: Attribute
            attr: rest
            value:
              _type: Name
              id: battery
          keywords: []
      - _type: Expr
        value:
          _type: Call
          args:
            - _type: Call
              args:
                - _type: BinOp
                  left:
                    _type: Call
                    args: []
                    func:
                      _type: Name
                      id: StateOfHealth
                    keywords: []
                  op:
                    _type: Sub
                  right:
                    _type: Call
                    args:
                      - _type: Constant
                        value: 0.1
                    func:
                      _type: Name
                      id: StateOfHealth
                    keywords: []
              func:
                _type: Attribute
                attr: get
                value:
                  _type: Name
                  id: battery
              keywords: []
          func:
            _type: Attribute
            attr: set
            value:
              _type: Name
              id: battery
          keywords: []
      - _type: AugAssign
        op:
          _type: Add
        target:
          _type: Name
          id: i
        value:
          _type: Constant
          value: 1
    orelse: []
    test:
      _type: BoolOp
      op:
        _type: And
      values:
        - _type: Compare
          comparators:
            - _type: Constant
              value: 1000
          left:
            _type: Name
            id: i
          ops:
            - _type: Lt
        - _type: Compare
          comparators:
            - _type: Call
              args:
                - _type: Constant
                  value: 100
              func:
                _type: Name
                id: Temperature
              keywords: []
          left:
            _type: Call
            args:
              - _type: Name
                id: Temperature
            func:
              _type: Attribute
              attr: get
              value:
                _type: Name
                id: battery
            keywords: []
          ops:
            - _type: Lt
        - _type: Compare
          comparators:
            - _type: Call
              args:
                - _type: Constant
                  value: 80
              func:
                _type: Name
                id: StateOfHealth
              keywords: []
          left:
            _type: Call
            args:
              - _type: Name
                id: StateOfHealth
            func:
              _type: Attribute
              attr: get
              value:
                _type: Name
                id: battery
            keywords: []
          ops:
            - _type: Gt
type_ignores: []

RDF

<https://example.org/CRate> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/ChargingParam> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/Duration> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/RestParam> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/StateOfHealth> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/Voltage> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/battery> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Function> .
<https://example.org/i> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Variable> .
_:b0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Module> .
_:b0 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b1 .
_:b0 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b2 .
_:b1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Assign> .
_:b1 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasTarget> <https://example.org/i> .
_:b1 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> "0"^^<https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Constant> .
_:b10 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/keyword> .
_:b10 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKey> "c_rate" .
_:b10 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b11 .
_:b11 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b11 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b12 .
_:b11 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/CRate> .
_:b12 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Constant> .
_:b12 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> "2.3E-1"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .
_:b13 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://example.org/Attribute> .
_:b13 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> <https://example.org/battery> .
_:b14 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Expr> .
_:b14 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b15 .
_:b15 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b15 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b16 .
_:b15 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> _:b23 .
_:b16 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b16 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/ChargingParam> .
_:b16 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKeywordArgument> _:b17 .
_:b16 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKeywordArgument> _:b20 .
_:b17 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/keyword> .
_:b17 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKey> "target_voltage" .
_:b17 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b18 .
_:b18 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b18 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b19 .
_:b18 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/Voltage> .
_:b19 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Constant> .
_:b19 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> "3.7E0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .
_:b2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/While> .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasCondition> _:b3 .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b14 .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b24 .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b31 .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b38 .
_:b2 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasPart> _:b4 .
_:b20 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/keyword> .
_:b20 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKey> "c_rate" .
_:b20 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b21 .
_:b21 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b21 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b22 .
_:b21 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/CRate> .
_:b22 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Constant> .
_:b22 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> "2.3E-1"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .
_:b23 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://example.org/Attribute> .
_:b23 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> <https://example.org/battery> .
_:b24 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Expr> .
_:b24 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b25 .
_:b25 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b25 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b26 .
_:b25 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> _:b30 .
_:b26 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b26 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/RestParam> .
_:b26 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKeywordArgument> _:b27 .
_:b27 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/keyword> .
_:b27 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKey> "duration" .
_:b27 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b28 .
_:b28 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b28 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b29 .
_:b28 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/Duration> .
_:b29 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Constant> .
_:b29 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> "10"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> .
_:b3 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/BoolOp> .
_:b30 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://example.org/Attribute> .
_:b30 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> <https://example.org/battery> .
_:b31 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Expr> .
_:b31 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b32 .
_:b32 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b32 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b33 .
_:b32 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> _:b37 .
_:b33 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b33 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b34 .
_:b33 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> _:b36 .
_:b34 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/BinOp> .
_:b34 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasLeftHandComparator> _:b35 .
_:b35 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b35 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/StateOfHealth> .
_:b36 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://example.org/Attribute> .
_:b36 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> <https://example.org/battery> .
_:b37 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://example.org/Attribute> .
_:b37 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> <https://example.org/battery> .
_:b38 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/AugAssign> .
_:b38 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> "1"^^<https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Constant> .
_:b4 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Expr> .
_:b4 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b5 .
_:b5 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b5 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b6 .
_:b5 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> _:b13 .
_:b6 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b6 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/ChargingParam> .
_:b6 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKeywordArgument> _:b10 .
_:b6 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKeywordArgument> _:b7 .
_:b7 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/keyword> .
_:b7 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasKey> "target_voltage" .
_:b7 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> _:b8 .
_:b8 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Call> .
_:b8 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasArgument> _:b9 .
_:b8 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasFunctionCall> <https://example.org/Voltage> .
_:b9 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/Constant> .
_:b9 <https://oo-ld.github.io/awl-schema/HasValue> "4.2E0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .

Further Links

Discussion in the scope of MADICES workflows: MADICES/MADICES-2025#16
Discussion on a possible integration with Python Workflow Definition (PWD): pythonworkflow/python-workflow-definition#127
Discussion in the scope of PMD workflows: https://git.material-digital.de/workflows/pmd-workflows/-/issues/7#note_796

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 17 Commits
CITATION.cff		CITATION.cff
README.md		README.md

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

Uh oh!

Uh oh!

Uh oh!

Repository files navigation

Background

Abstract Workflow Language Schema

Objectives

Use Cases

Conceptual Assessment

Code Execution Provenance through code / system inspection

Execution Environment Provenance (out of scope for AWL, needs workflow environment / versionized file store)

Playground

Schema

Python-AST

Blocks

If-Else-Block

Funtion call

Code Execution

Examples

Planning of Workflows

Validation of Workflows

Experimental Workflow

Further Links

About

Uh oh!

Releases 2

Packages

Contributors 6

Uh oh!

Uh oh!

Uh oh!

OO-LD/awl-schema

Folders and files

Latest commit

History

Repository files navigation

Background

Abstract Workflow Language Schema

Objectives

Use Cases

Conceptual Assessment

Code Execution Provenance through code / system inspection

Execution Environment Provenance (out of scope for AWL, needs workflow environment / versionized file store)

Playground

Schema

Python-AST

Blocks

If-Else-Block

Funtion call

Code Execution

Examples

Planning of Workflows

Validation of Workflows

Experimental Workflow

Further Links

About

Resources

Uh oh!

Stars

Watchers

Forks

Releases 2

Packages 0

Contributors 6

Uh oh!

Packages