## Description
[PR#13777](https://github.com/MystenLabs/sui/pull/13777) introduces new
`SignatureVerificationState` that can now be used in certificate
fetching to only verify the tip of certificate chains and ensure that
the verification state is reflected in storage. Doing so should save us
time in signature verification for a node that is trying to catchup.
## Test Plan
Added unit tests. Catchup tests in private-testnet.
## Results
#### NW Catchup Rate @ [200 TPS w/ 2 hours of
downtime](https://metrics.sui.io/d/ORCQSHfVk/nw-catchup-dashboard?var-Environment=8Xt1pVoVk&var-network=private-testnet&var-validator=ams-ptn-val-00&var-validator=ams-ptn-val-09&orgId=1&from=1696385905867&to=1696388154869)

#### NW Catchup Rate @ [5K TPS w/ 1 hour of
downtime](https://metrics.sui.io/d/ORCQSHfVk/nw-catchup-dashboard?var-Environment=8Xt1pVoVk&var-network=private-testnet&var-validator=ams-ptn-val-00&var-validator=ams-ptn-val-02&var-validator=ams-ptn-val-09&var-validator=del-ptn-val-08&var-validator=sjc-ptn2-val-00&var-validator=ams-ptn-val-03&orgId=1&from=1696643114770&to=1696651260983)

## Known Issues to be investigated/fixed in follow up PRs
#### Narwhal catchup only hits full potential after state sync completes
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PM"
#### Execution bottleneck at high TPS preventing higher NW catchup rate
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PM"
---
If your changes are not user-facing and not a breaking change, you can
skip the following section. Otherwise, please indicate what changed, and
then add to the Release Notes section as highlighted during the release
process.
### Type of Change (Check all that apply)
- [X] protocol change
- [ ] user-visible impact
- [ ] breaking change for a client SDKs
- [ ] breaking change for FNs (FN binary must upgrade)
- [ ] breaking change for validators or node operators (must upgrade
binaries)
- [ ] breaking change for on-chain data layout
- [ ] necessitate either a data wipe or data migration
### Release notes
Protocol upgrade to version 28 which will enable the use of
CertificateV2 in narwhal that will be used to speed up processing of
certificates during certificate fetching/catchup.