[move 2024][alpha] Type inference holes (#17059)

## Description 

- Added placeholders for type inference `_`

## Test Plan 

- Added tests

---
If your changes are not user-facing and do not break anything, you can
skip the following section. Otherwise, please briefly describe what has
changed under the Release Notes section.

### Type of Change (Check all that apply)

- [ ] protocol change
- [X] user-visible impact
- [ ] breaking change for a client SDKs
- [ ] breaking change for FNs (FN binary must upgrade)
- [ ] breaking change for validators or node operators (must upgrade
binaries)
- [ ] breaking change for on-chain data layout
- [ ] necessitate either a data wipe or data migration

### Release notes

Move 2024.alpha now supports placeholders for type inference `_`

---------

Co-authored-by: Todd Nowacki <tmn@calibra.com>
Co-authored-by: Cam Swords <cameronswords@gmail.com>

external-crates/move/crates/move-compiler/src/diagnostics/codes.rs

@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ codes!(
         InvalidTypeParameter: { msg: "invalid type parameter", severity: NonblockingError },
         InvalidPattern: { msg: "invalid pattern", severity: BlockingError },
         UnboundVariant: { msg: "unbound variant", severity: BlockingError },
+        InvalidTypeAnnotation: { msg: "invalid type annotation", severity: NonblockingError },
     ],
     // errors for typing rules. mostly typing/translate
     TypeSafety: [

external-crates/move/crates/move-compiler/src/editions/mod.rs

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ pub enum FeatureGate {
     AutoborrowEq,
     CleverAssertions,
     NoParensCast,
+    TypeHoles,
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ pub fn valid_editions_for_feature(feature: FeatureGate) -> Vec<Edition> {
 static SUPPORTED_FEATURES: Lazy<BTreeMap<Edition, BTreeSet<FeatureGate>>> =
     Lazy::new(|| BTreeMap::from_iter(Edition::ALL.iter().map(|e| (*e, e.features()))));
 
-const E2024_ALPHA_FEATURES: &[FeatureGate] = &[FeatureGate::MacroFuns];
+const E2024_ALPHA_FEATURES: &[FeatureGate] = &[FeatureGate::MacroFuns, FeatureGate::TypeHoles];
 
 const E2024_BETA_FEATURES: &[FeatureGate] = &[
     FeatureGate::NestedUse,
@@ -271,6 +272,7 @@ impl FeatureGate {
             FeatureGate::AutoborrowEq => "Automatic borrowing is",
             FeatureGate::CleverAssertions => "Clever `assert!`, `abort`, and `#[error]` are",
             FeatureGate::NoParensCast => "'as' without parentheses is",
+            FeatureGate::TypeHoles => "'_' placeholders for type inference are",
         }
     }
 }

external-crates/move/crates/move-compiler/src/expansion/translate.rs

@@ -3390,8 +3390,7 @@ fn lvalues(context: &mut Context, e: Box<P::Exp>) -> Option<LValue> {
 }
 
 fn assign(context: &mut Context, sp!(loc, e_): P::Exp) -> Option<E::LValue> {
-    use E::LValue_ as EL;
-    use E::ModuleAccess_ as M;
+    use E::{LValue_ as EL, ModuleAccess_ as M};
     use P::Exp_ as PE;
     match e_ {
         PE::Name(name) => {
@@ -3765,6 +3764,13 @@ fn check_valid_type_parameter_name(
     is_macro: Option<Loc>,
     n: &Name,
 ) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    // TODO move these names to a more central place?
+    if n.value == symbol!("_") {
+        let diag = restricted_name_error(NameCase::TypeParameter, n.loc, "_");
+        context.env().add_diag(diag);
+        return Err(());
+    }
+
     const SYNTAX_IDENTIFIER_NOTE: &str = "Type parameter names starting with '$' indicate that \
         their arguments do not have to satisfy certain constraints before the macro is expanded, \
         meaning types like '&mut u64' or '(bool, u8)' may be used as arguments.";
@@ -3785,6 +3791,19 @@ fn check_valid_type_parameter_name(
             );
             diag.add_note(SYNTAX_IDENTIFIER_NOTE);
             context.env().add_diag(diag);
+        } else {
+            let next_char = n.value.chars().nth(1).unwrap();
+            if !next_char.is_ascii_alphabetic() {
+                let msg = format!(
+                    "Invalid type parameter name '{}'. \
+                    Following the '$', the '{} fun' type parameter must be have a valid type \
+                    parameter name starting with a letter 'a'..'z' or 'A'..'Z'",
+                    n, MACRO_MODIFIER
+                );
+                let mut diag = diag!(Declarations::InvalidName, (n.loc, msg));
+                diag.add_note(SYNTAX_IDENTIFIER_NOTE);
+                context.env().add_diag(diag);
+            }
         }
     } else if is_syntax_ident {
         let msg = format!(
@@ -3798,11 +3817,6 @@ fn check_valid_type_parameter_name(
     }
 
     // TODO move these names to a more central place?
-    if n.value == symbol!("_") {
-        let diag = restricted_name_error(NameCase::TypeParameter, n.loc, "_");
-        context.env().add_diag(diag);
-        return Err(());
-    }
     check_restricted_names(
         context,
         NameCase::TypeParameter,