HDM

This is the repository for the Holographic Declarative Memory (HDM) module for Python ACT-R.

This repository contains:

• sample ACT-R models that use HDM
• the HDM module itself
• code for the Holographic Reduced Representations (HRRs)
• conference papers that describe the theory and applications of HDM

Tutorials on how to use Python ACT-R can be found here: https://sites.google.com/site/pythonactr/home

To install HDM for use on your own computer, use one of the two following methods:

EASY INSTALL

1. Download the CCMSuite repository for Python 2 ACT-R and HDM from https://github.com/MatthewAKelly/ccmsuite

2. Add the CCMSuite folder to your Python Path. For instructions on how to set the Python Path see this link: https://www.techwalla.com/articles/how-to-set-your-python-path

3. Create a Python ACT-R model (see Python ACT-R tutorials).

4. Instead of creating an instance of DM, create an instance of HDM in your model (see example code in this repository).

LESS EASY INSTALL

1. Downloaded the official Python ACT-R for Python 2 from https://github.com/tcstewar/ccmsuite or for Python 3 from https://github.com/sterlingsomers/ccmsuite

2. Download hdm.py from this repository and place it in ccmsuite/ccm/lib/actr/hdm.py

3. Download hrr.py from this repository and use it to replace the one in ccmsuite/ccm/lib/hrr.py

4. Add the line “from ccm.lib.actr.hdm import HDM” to ccmsuite/ccm/lib/actr/__init__.py

5. Add the CCMSuite folder to your Python Path.

6. Create a Python ACT-R model (see Python ACT-R tutorials).

7. Instead of creating an instance of DM, create an instance of HDM in your model (see example code in this repository).

USING HDM

To use HDM:

from ccm.lib.actr import *

from ccm.lib.actr.hdm import *

...

retrieval=Buffer()

memory=HDM(retrieval)

The HDM module provides six methods for use by an ACT-R model:

1. The constructor, which takes a retrieval buffer and creates an HDM: memory = HDM(retrieval)

2. Add a chunk, which takes a chunk and adds it to HDM: memory.add(chunk)

3. Request a chunk, which takes a chunk and finds the best match in HDM: memory.request(chunk)

4. Get activation, which takes a chunk and returns the chunk's activation as a cosine in HDM: memory.get_activation(chunk)

5. Get and 6. set methods for defining compositional relationships between the environmental stimuli represented as environment vectors: e.g., we can define the stimulus 'customer1' as a conjunction of the features 'a white person with long, blonde hair and moustache' DM.set('customer1', DM.get('moustache') + DM.get('blond') + DM.get('long_hair') + DM.get('white'))

PARAMETERS OF HDM SHARED WITH DM

1. buffer

2. latency

3. threshold As in DM, threshold is the minimum activation threshold for a chunk to be retrieved. We recommend using lower thresholds for HDM than is standard for DM. The default threshold for DM is 0. The default threshold for HDM is -4.6. Internally, HDM uses cosines, which approximate the square root of the probability. Conversely DM uses log odds as activation. For compatibility with DM, the threshold parameter is in logodds. It is immediately converted to a cosine for internal use by HDM. The default threshold of -4.6 is converted to a cosine of 0.1.

4. maximum_time

5. finst_size

6. finst_time

NEW PARAMETERS UNIQUE TO HDM

1. N N is the vector dimensionality. Defaults to 512 dimensions, which is plenty. We recommend setting N to values in the range from 32 to 2048. Smaller dimensions introduce more noise and error into the model. 32 dimensions will introduce a high amount of noise/error for small study sets. 2048 dimensions allows for good recall for millions of items.

2. verbose Defaults to false. When set to true, HDM reports its internal computations, allowing the user to understand what HDM is doing.

3. forgetting forgetting controls the forgetting rate due to retroactive inhibition range [0 to 1] 1 = no forgetting 0 = no remembering When updating memory: memory vector = forgetting * memory vector + new information vector

4. noise noise controls the amount of noise added to memory per time step. Gaussian noise is added to all memory vectors whenever Request or Add is called. When adding noise: memory vector = memory vector + noise * time since last update * noise vector Noise ranges from [0 ... ], where 0 is no noise and more is more noise