Modern C++ Design Patterns & OO Principles

Welcome to a comprehensive educational repository of 32 Design Patterns and C++ Idioms. This project represents a bridge between classic software architecture (the Gang of Four legacy) and Modern C++ (C++17/20/23) best practices.

--- Overview ---

This repository is designed as a masterclass for developers who want to master object-oriented design in C++. Every example has been carefully crafted to demonstrate not just the pattern's logic, but also high-level engineering concerns such as:

• Memory Management: Full use of RAII, std::unique_ptr, and std::shared_ptr.
• Performance: Demonstrations of the "Zero-Overhead Principle" using Static Polymorphism (CRTP) and Mixins.
• Modern Features: Extensive use of std::variant, std::visit, if constexpr, and C++20 Abbreviated Templates.
• The "Gang of Seven": A unique educational approach to tracing an object's full lifecycle (Constructors, Move/Copy semantics, and Destructors).

--- Repository Structure ---

The project is organized into four logical blocks:

1. Fundamental Principles: Detailed analysis of SOLID, IoC, Hollywood Principle, and more (see 002_OO_Principles.txt).
2. Creational Patterns: Managing object instantiation and lifecycle (Builder, Factory, Singleton, etc.).
3. Structural Patterns: Compiling classes and objects into larger, flexible structures (Bridge, Decorator, Proxy, Mixins).
4. Behavioral Patterns: Handling communication between objects and algorithmic distribution (Command, Interpreter, Observer, Visitor).

--- How to Compile ---

Each example is self-contained. To ensure the best performance and standard compliance, it is recommended to compile using C++20 or higher.

The author uses a custom gcc3 alias for optimized compilation:

c++ -std=c++2a -O3 -Wfatal-errors -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic program.cpp -o program -pthread

For detailed instructions, refer to 003_How_to_compile.txt.

--- License & Usage ---

This repository is provided as an open educational resource.

• Free Use: You are free to use, copy, modify, and distribute these examples for personal, educational, or commercial purposes.
• Attribution: If you find this material useful or use it in your own projects/courses, I would greatly appreciate a mention or a link back to this repository.

Author: Mario Galindo Queralt

--- Philosophical Note ---

"The code is the vehicle, but the comments are the gold."

This repository places a high value on internal documentation. You will find extensive comments explaining the "why" behind each architectural decision, the trade-offs of different implementations, and the evolution of the C++ language over the last four decades.