Enable the use of the more modern 'mpi_f08' module for MPI

[mgduda]

This PR enables MPAS to make use of the more modern mpi_f08 module introduced in MPI-3.0.

The top-level Makefile now tries to compile a test program that uses mpi_f08, and if that test is
successful, the macro MPAS_USE_MPI_F08 is defined in the CPPFLAGS used in the build; otherwise,
MPAS will make use of the mpi module as it previously did.

With the use of the mpi_f08 module, certain MPI types are no longer integers in Fortran, but are derived
types; e.g., MPI_Comm, MPI_Request, MPI_Datatype, and MPI_Info. However, in some instances,
an integer-typed MPI type is still needed for interoperability, and the MPI standard permits this to be done
through the mpi_val member of all MPI derived types, e.g., MPI_Comm % mpi_val.

[mgduda]

The motivation for the changes in this PR arises from compilation errors with newer GNU compilers when using the mpi module from the cray-mpich library that is available on NCAR's Derecho system:

mpas_dmpar.F:5115:25:

 5115 |           call MPI_Irecv(commListPtr % ibuffer, commListPtr % nList, MPI_INTEGERKIND, commListPtr % procID, commListPtr % procID, dminfo % comm, commListPtr % reqID, mpi_ierr)
      |                         1
......
 7892 |             call MPI_Irecv(commListPtr % rbuffer, commListPtr % nList, MPI_REALKIND, commListPtr % procID, commListPtr % procID, &
      |                           2
Error: Type mismatch between actual argument at (1) and actual argument at (2) (INTEGER(4)/REAL(4)).

While these specific errors can be avoided by adding the -fallow-argument-mismatch flag for the gfortran compiler, it was deemed sub-optimal to simply demote errors to warnings.

Since there are combinations of compilers and MPI implementations on Derecho that still don't provide an mpi_f08 module (e.g., nvhpc/24.1 and cray-mpich/8.1.27), we still require support for the older mpi module, justifying the use of preprocessing directives to activate the use of either mpi or mpi_f08.

[gdicker1]

This works!

I confirmed that builds now succeed on Derecho with make gnu CORE=atmosphere when using the appropriate modules.