Add profiling of already running tasks via SIGINFO/SIGUSR1

NEWS.md

@@ -146,14 +146,17 @@ Standard library changes
 * Now uses `textwidth` for formatting `%s` and `%c` widths ([#41085]).
 
 #### Profile
-* Profiling now records sample metadata including thread and task. `Profile.print()` has a new `groupby` kwarg that allows
+* CPU profiling now records sample metadata including thread and task. `Profile.print()` has a new `groupby` kwarg that allows
   grouping by thread, task, or nested thread/task, task/thread, and `threads` and `tasks` kwargs to allow filtering.
   Further, percent utilization is now reported as a total or per-thread, based on whether the thread is idle or not at
   each sample. `Profile.fetch()` by default strips out the new metadata to ensure backwards compatibility with external
   profiling data consumers, but can be included with the `include_meta` kwarg. ([#41742])
 * The new `Profile.Allocs` module allows memory allocations to be profiled. The stack trace, type, and size of each
   allocation is recorded, and a `sample_rate` argument allows a tunable amount of allocations to be skipped,
   reducing performance overhead. ([#42768])
+* A fixed duration cpu profile can now be triggered by the user during running tasks without `Profile` being loaded
+  first and the report will show during execution. On MacOS & FreeBSD press `ctrl-t` or raise a `SIGINFO`.
+  For other platforms raise a `SIGUSR1` i.e. `% kill -USR1 $julia_pid`. Not currently available on windows. ([#43179])
 
 #### Random
 

contrib/generate_precompile.jl

@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ Profile = get(Base.loaded_modules,
           Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("9abbd945-dff8-562f-b5e8-e1ebf5ef1b79"), "Profile"),
           nothing)
 if Profile !== nothing
+    repl_script *= Profile.precompile_script
     hardcoded_precompile_statements *= """
     precompile(Tuple{typeof(Profile.tree!), Profile.StackFrameTree{UInt64}, Vector{UInt64}, Dict{UInt64, Vector{Base.StackTraces.StackFrame}}, Bool, Symbol, Int, UInt})
     precompile(Tuple{typeof(Profile.tree!), Profile.StackFrameTree{UInt64}, Vector{UInt64}, Dict{UInt64, Vector{Base.StackTraces.StackFrame}}, Bool, Symbol, Int, UnitRange{UInt}})

src/julia_internal.h

@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ int jl_running_under_rr(int recheck) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
 // Returns time in nanosec
 JL_DLLEXPORT uint64_t jl_hrtime(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
 
+JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_set_peek_cond(uintptr_t);
+JL_DLLEXPORT double jl_get_profile_peek_duration(void);
+JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_set_profile_peek_duration(double);
+
 // number of cycles since power-on
 static inline uint64_t cycleclock(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT
 {

src/signal-handling.c

@@ -129,6 +129,35 @@ static size_t jl_safe_read_mem(const volatile char *ptr, char *out, size_t len)
     return i;
 }
 
+static double profile_autostop_time = -1.0;
+static double profile_peek_duration = 1.0; // seconds
+
+double jl_get_profile_peek_duration(void) {
+    return profile_peek_duration;
+}
+void jl_set_profile_peek_duration(double t) {
+    profile_peek_duration = t;
+    return;
+}
+
+uintptr_t profile_show_peek_cond_loc;
+JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_set_peek_cond(uintptr_t cond)
+{
+    profile_show_peek_cond_loc = cond;
+    return;
+}
+
+static void jl_check_profile_autostop(void) {
+    if ((profile_autostop_time != -1.0) && (jl_hrtime() > profile_autostop_time)) {
+        profile_autostop_time = -1.0;
+        jl_profile_stop_timer();
+        jl_safe_printf("\n==============================================================\n");
+        jl_safe_printf("Profile collected. A report will print at the next yield point\n");
+        jl_safe_printf("==============================================================\n\n");
+        uv_async_send((uv_async_t*)profile_show_peek_cond_loc);
+    }
+}
+
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #include "signals-win.c"
 #else

src/signals-mach.c

@@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ void *mach_profile_listener(void *arg)
         }
         jl_unlock_profile_mach(0, keymgr_locked);
         if (running) {
+            jl_check_profile_autostop();
             // Reset the alarm
             kern_return_t ret = clock_alarm(clk, TIME_RELATIVE, timerprof, profile_port);
             HANDLE_MACH_ERROR("clock_alarm", ret)

src/signals-unix.c

@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ bt_context_t *jl_to_bt_context(void *sigctx)
 #endif
 }
 
-
 static int thread0_exit_count = 0;
 static void jl_exit_thread0(int exitstate, jl_bt_element_t *bt_data, size_t bt_size);
 
@@ -519,17 +518,22 @@ JL_DLLEXPORT int jl_profile_start_timer(void)
     sigprof.sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL;
     sigprof.sigev_signo = SIGUSR1;
     sigprof.sigev_value.sival_ptr = &timerprof;
-    if (timer_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, &sigprof, &timerprof) == -1)
+    // Because SIGUSR1 is multipurpose, set `running` before so that we know that the first SIGUSR1 came from the timer
+    running = 1;
+    if (timer_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, &sigprof, &timerprof) == -1) {
+        running = 0;
         return -2;
+    }
 
     // Start the timer
     itsprof.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
     itsprof.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
     itsprof.it_value.tv_sec = nsecprof / GIGA;
     itsprof.it_value.tv_nsec = nsecprof % GIGA;
-    if (timer_settime(timerprof, 0, &itsprof, NULL) == -1)
+    if (timer_settime(timerprof, 0, &itsprof, NULL) == -1) {
+        running = 0;
         return -3;
-    running = 1;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -648,6 +652,18 @@ static void kqueue_signal(int *sigqueue, struct kevent *ev, int sig)
 }
 #endif
 
+void trigger_profile_peek(void)
+{
+    jl_safe_printf("\n======================================================================================\n");
+    jl_safe_printf("Information request received. A stacktrace will print followed by a %.1f second profile\n", profile_peek_duration);
+    jl_safe_printf("======================================================================================\n");
+    bt_size_cur = 0; // clear profile buffer
+    if (jl_profile_start_timer() < 0)
+        jl_safe_printf("ERROR: Could not start profile timer\n");
+    else
+        profile_autostop_time = jl_hrtime() + (profile_peek_duration * 1e9);
+}
+
 static void *signal_listener(void *arg)
 {
     static jl_bt_element_t bt_data[JL_MAX_BT_SIZE + 1];
@@ -753,11 +769,17 @@ static void *signal_listener(void *arg)
 
         int doexit = critical;
 #ifdef SIGINFO
-        if (sig == SIGINFO)
+        if (sig == SIGINFO) {
+            if (running != 1)
+                trigger_profile_peek();
             doexit = 0;
+        }
 #else
-        if (sig == SIGUSR1)
+        if (sig == SIGUSR1) {
+            if (running != 1)
+                trigger_profile_peek();
             doexit = 0;
+        }
 #endif
 
         bt_size = 0;
@@ -835,6 +857,7 @@ static void *signal_listener(void *arg)
         }
 #ifndef HAVE_MACH
         if (profile && running) {
+            jl_check_profile_autostop();
 #if defined(HAVE_TIMER)
             timer_settime(timerprof, 0, &itsprof, NULL);
 #elif defined(HAVE_ITIMER)

src/signals-win.c

@@ -388,6 +388,7 @@ static DWORD WINAPI profile_bt( LPVOID lparam )
                     jl_gc_debug_critical_error();
                     abort();
                 }
+                jl_check_profile_autostop();
             }
         }
     }

stdlib/Profile/docs/src/index.md

@@ -2,6 +2,79 @@
 
 ## CPU Profiling
 
+There are two main approaches to CPU profiling julia code:
+
+## Via `@profile`
+
+Where profiling is enabled for a given call via the `@profile` macro.
+
+```julia-repl
+julia> using Profile
+
+julia> @profile foo()
+
+julia> Profile.print()
+Overhead ╎ [+additional indent] Count File:Line; Function
+=========================================================
+    ╎147  @Base/client.jl:506; _start()
+        ╎ 147  @Base/client.jl:318; exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
+...
+```
+
+## Triggered During Execution
+
+Tasks that are already running can also be profiled for a fixed time period at any user-triggered time.
+
+To trigger the profiling:
+- MacOS & FreeBSD (BSD-based platforms): Use `ctrl-t` or pass a `SIGINFO` signal to the julia process i.e. `% kill -INFO $julia_pid`
+- Linux: Pass a `SIGUSR1` signal to the julia process i.e. `% kill -USR1 $julia_pid`
+- Windows: Not currently supported.
+
+First, a single stack trace at the instant that the signal was thrown is shown, then a 1 second profile is collected,
+followed by the profile report at the next yield point, which may be at task completion for code without yield points
+e.g. tight loops.
+
+```julia-repl
+julia> foo()
+##== the user sends a trigger while foo is running ==##
+load: 2.53  cmd: julia 88903 running 6.16u 0.97s
+
+======================================================================================
+Information request received. A stacktrace will print followed by a 1.0 second profile
+======================================================================================
+
+signal (29): Information request: 29
+__psynch_cvwait at /usr/lib/system/libsystem_kernel.dylib (unknown line)
+_pthread_cond_wait at /usr/lib/system/libsystem_pthread.dylib (unknown line)
+...
+
+======================================================================
+Profile collected. A report will print if the Profile module is loaded
+======================================================================
+
+Overhead ╎ [+additional indent] Count File:Line; Function
+=========================================================
+Thread 1 Task 0x000000011687c010 Total snapshots: 572. Utilization: 100%
+   ╎147 @Base/client.jl:506; _start()
+       ╎ 147 @Base/client.jl:318; exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
+...
+
+Thread 2 Task 0x0000000116960010 Total snapshots: 572. Utilization: 0%
+   ╎572 @Base/task.jl:587; task_done_hook(t::Task)
+      ╎ 572 @Base/task.jl:879; wait()
+...
+```
+
+### Customization
+
+The duration of the profiling can be adjusted via [`Profile.set_peek_duration`](@ref)
+
+The profile report is broken down by thread and task. Pass a no-arg function to `Profile.peek_report[]` to override this.
+i.e. `Profile.peek_report[] = () -> Profile.print()` to remove any grouping. This could also be overridden by an external
+profile data consumer.
+
+## Reference
+
 ```@docs
 Profile.@profile
 ```
@@ -16,6 +89,8 @@ Profile.fetch
 Profile.retrieve
 Profile.callers
 Profile.clear_malloc_data
+Profile.get_peek_duration
+Profile.set_peek_duration
 ```
 
 ## Memory profiling