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First shot at REST docs #1046

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195 changes: 195 additions & 0 deletions docs/technical-documentation/rest-create.md
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## Creating resources, media and files - POST/PUT Requests

## Authorization

You will need to use one of the configured authorization methods to create content, media and/or files.

These are defined under [Authorization](./using-rest-endpoints.md#authorization) on the overview.

## Content (Nodes)

![REST configuration](../assets/rest-node-configuration.png)

The above setup shows that you can perform a POST request against a node at the `/node` endpoint with a body in the JSON format.

To create a node you need to provide two elements in your message body. The node type and any _required_ field values.

For the islandora_demo included Repository Item these are:

1. A type - this tells Drupal what content type we are creating
1. A title - this is a required field of all nodes.
1. A model - this is a required by Islandora to tell the type of object (ie. Image, Audio, Collection)

A good way to make your first POST request is to perform a GET request against an existing node and erase all the extra content.

You can find more information about [GET requests here](./rest-get.md)

Again we are using the json format.

🍎 For example `curl -X GET 'http://localhost:8000/node/3?_format=json`

Look for the **type** element

```
"type" : [
{
"target_id" : "islandora_object",
"target_type" : "node_type",
"target_uuid" : "62189bec-3ef3-4196-b847-b17e5ce61fd5"
}
]
```

In our example "islandora_object" is the type of the default "Repository Item", if you have created a new type you will have a different target_id.

You will not need the `target_uuid`.

Next look for the **title** element

```
"title" : [
{
"value" : "An example Islandora object"
}
]
```

Lastly look for the **field_model** element

```
"field_model": [
{
"target_id": 24,
"target_type": "taxonomy_term",
"target_uuid": "e7560b68-e95a-4e76-9671-2a3041cd9800",
"url": "\\/taxonomy\\/term\\/24"
}
]
```

You can find the models by browsing the taxonomy terms available at `http://localhost:8000/admin/structure/taxonomy/manage/islandora_models/overview`

24 is an "Image", but let's create a collection which is 23.

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So the body of the request will be:
```
{
"type": [
{
"target_id": "islandora_object",
"target_type": "node_type"
}
],
"title": [
{
"value": "Created a collection with POST"
}
],
"field_model": [
{
"target_id": 23,
"target_type": "taxonomy_term"
}
]
}
```

**Note**: You **must** include a **Content-type** header of type `application/json` on your request
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**Other Note**: You **must** include some authentication credentials to say who you are and so Drupal can check if you are allowed to create this object. Otherwise you will receive a `401 Unauthorized` response.

If you do provide credentials but don't have permission, you will recieve a `403 Forbidden` response.

You can find more information about [Authorization here](./using-rest-endpoints.md#authorization)

🍎 For example:

```
curl -i -X POST -u admin:islandora -H"Content-type: application/json" --data '{"type":[{"target_id":"islandora_object","target_type":"node_type"}],"title":[{"value":"Created a collection with POST"}],"field_model":[{"target_id":23,"target_type":"taxonomy_term"}]}' 'http://localhost:8000/node?_format=json'

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Tue, 05 Mar 2019 18:07:00 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.26-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1
Location: http://localhost:8000/node/3
Cache-Control: must-revalidate, no-cache, private
X-UA-Compatible: IE=edge
Content-language: en
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Expires: Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT
Vary:
X-Generator: Drupal 8 (https://www.drupal.org)
Content-Length: 1564
Content-Type: application/json

{"nid":[{"value":3}],"uuid":[{"value":"3f618cdc-3f2a-4e77-b932-9ff1d461a57a"}],"vid":[{"value":3}],"langcode":[{"value":"en"}],"type":[{"target_id":"islandora_object","target_type":"node_type","target_uuid":"62189bec-3ef3-4196-b847-b17e5ce61fd5"}],"revision_timestamp":[{"value":"2019-03-05T18:07:00+00:00","format":"Y-m-d\\TH:i:sP"}],"revision_uid":[{"target_id":1,"target_type":"user","target_uuid":"46a47057-de2d-4ce2-87ae-dbe4551209b8","url":"\/user\/1"}],"revision_log":[],"status":[{"value":true}],"title":[{"value":"Created a collection with POST"}],"uid":[{"target_id":1,"target_type":"user","target_uuid":"46a47057-de2d-4ce2-87ae-dbe4551209b8","url":"\/user\/1"}],"created":[{"value":"2019-03-05T18:07:00+00:00","format":"Y-m-d\\TH:i:sP"}],"changed":[{"value":"2019-03-05T18:07:00+00:00","format":"Y-m-d\\TH:i:sP"}],"promote":[{"value":true}],"sticky":[{"value":false}],"default_langcode":[{"value":true}],"revision_translation_affected":[{"value":true}],"content_translation_source":[{"value":"und"}],"content_translation_outdated":[{"value":false}],"field_access_terms":[],"field_alternative_title":[],"field_description":[],"field_display_hints":[],"field_edtf_date":[],"field_edtf_date_created":[],"field_edtf_date_issued":[],"field_extent":[{"value":"1 item"}],"field_identifier":[],"field_linked_agent":[],"field_member_of":[],"field_model":[{"target_id":23,"target_type":"taxonomy_term","target_uuid":"6a3b293d-4617-417b-99d2-23d75b57f7c2","url":"\/taxonomy\/term\/23"}],"field_pid":[],"field_resource_type":[],"field_rights":[],"field_subject":[]}
```

The parts of the above request are:

1. `-i` - return the response headers
1. `-X POST` - send a POST request
1. `-u admin:islandora` - use these basic authentication credentials
1. `-H"Content-type: application/json"` - send the content-type header
1. `--data {...}` - send the request body (seen above)
1. `'http://localhost:8000/node?_format=json'` - the endpoint of the request

## Files and Media

Drupal is supposed to have a way to upload files, but this seems to require the use of an X-CSRF-Token, which can only be retrieved using Cookie authentication and even then does not allow you to upload.

Consequently there is a REST endpoint not listed in the REST UI, because it is not configurable and is part of the Islandora 8 system.

This endpoint is available at `http://localhost:8000/node/{node id}/media/{media type}/{media use}`

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It only accepts PUT requests. If the media and file don't exist they are created, if they exist the file is updated with the new body.
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The tokens to this URI are as follows:

1. node id : The numeric ID of the node you wish to link this media/file to.
1. media type : The media type name you wish to create (ie. image, file, audio)
1. media use : The numeric ID of the media use taxonomy term to set for this media

You can find the media use taxonomy terms at `http://localhost:8000/admin/structure/taxonomy/manage/islandora_media_use/overview`

So the body of the request is the actual binary file to upload.

🍎 For example:

With a local file called `my-image.png` that I wanted to link to a node with ID `3`.

I am using the taxonomy term "Original file", which on my machine is `16`

```
> curl -i -X PUT -u admin:islandora -H"Content-type: image/png" --data-binary "@my-image.png" -H"Content-Location: public://images/my-image.png" 'http://localhost:8000/node/3/media/image/16'

HTTP/1.1 100 Continue

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Tue, 05 Mar 2019 22:01:39 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.26-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1
Cache-Control: must-revalidate, no-cache, private
Location: http://localhost:8000/media/4
X-UA-Compatible: IE=edge
Content-language: en
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Expires: Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT
Vary:
X-Generator: Drupal 8 (https://www.drupal.org)
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
```

The parts of the above request are:

1. `-i` - return the response headers
1. `-X PUT` - send a POST request
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1. `-u admin:islandora` - use these basic authentication credentials
1. `-H"Content-type: image/pnd"` - send the content-type header
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1. `--data-binary "@my-image.png"` - send the contents of the file located at my-image.png as binary
1. `-H"Content-Location: public://images/my-image.png"` - store the file in the public scheme at the path `images/my-image.png`
1. `'http://localhost:8000/node/3/media/image/16'` - the endpoint of the request specifying the node, media type and taxonomy term.

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