Purpose

We are releasing a Python wrapper iglu-py (PyPI, GitHub) for the R package "iglu" (iglu-r), since a large number of developers and diabetes researchers program primarily in Python. We hope this abstraction makes development with iglu even easier and more user-friendly.

Note that iglu-r is the "source of truth" and all iglu-py functions simply call the corresponding iglu-r function internally. In other words, there is no new functionality in iglu-py that is not iglu-r (see Functionality below for more details).

Citation

Please cite both iglu-py and the original iglu-r package.

Chun E, Fernandes NJ, & Gaynanova I (2024). An Update on the iglu Software Package for Interpreting Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. Python package version X.X.X.

Broll S, Buchanan D, Chun E, Muschelli J, Fernandes N, Seo J, Shih J, Urbanek J, Schwenck J, Gaynanova I (2021). iglu: Interpreting Glucose Data from Continuous Glucose Monitors. R package version X.X.X.

Getting Started

System Requirements

Please ensure the following requirements are met for iglu-py to work properly.

• Python >= 3.8.0
• rpy2 >= 3.5.13
• pandas >= 2.0.0

Installation

$ pip install iglu-py

This will automatically install all the necessary Python dependencies for you.

There is no need to download R, iglu-r, or any other CRAN package directly. Version 4.0.0 of iglu-r comes bundled with iglu-py and will be installed automatically on the first runtime.

⚠️ If you already have iglu-r installed on your machine, iglu-py will use that version of iglu-r internally instead of the bundled version.

See Changing the Version of "iglu-r" Used by "iglu-py" below to change to your desired version.

How to Use

import iglu_py as iglu
import pandas as pd

# 1. Load pandas DF through any method, not exclusive to CSV
# DF must have 3 columns:
# > id: string or int
# > time: POSIX.ct()
# > gl: numeric type

df = pd.read_csv('path_to_file.csv')

# 2. Run metrics
# The output is a pandas DF.

iglu.mean_glu(df)

iglu.mage(df) # uses default arguments in iglu-py
iglu.mage(df, short_ma = 3, long_ma = 35) # overrides defaults

# 3. Load example data
example_data: pd.DataFrame = iglu.example_data_1_subject

iglu.mage(example_data)

# 4. Launch interactive GUI
iglu.iglu_shiny()

See Functionality below for the list of Python functions and data available in iglu-py. See iglu-r Function Documentation to know the acceptable arguments & data types for the implemented iglu-py functions.

When reading the aforementioned iglu-r documentation & coding in Python, always use Python types not R ones. Only use types in the Python column of the table below.

Python	R
True/False	TRUE/FALSE
Pandas DataFrame	tibble
Pandas DataFrame	Data Frame
str	character
int|float	numeric
list	vector

Changing the Version of "iglu-r" Used by "iglu-py"

By default, the R-version [iglu v4.0.0](https://github.com/irinagain/iglu/blob/master/NEWS.md) comes embedded in iglu-py. However, you can change this version if you desire.

Follow these simple steps below.

1. Uninstall Previous iglu-r Version: run the following code in Python to delete the previous version of iglu

import iglu_py

iglu_py.uninstall_iglu()

2. Install a new version of iglu:

   • Way 1: Download most recent version released on CRAN

   import iglu_py
   
   iglu_py.install_iglu(name = 'iglu', name_type = 'CRAN')
   

   • Way 2: Get a TAR GZIP file of the desired iglu-r version from CRAN or make one by tar-gzipping the iglu-r GitHub repo (the GitHub is slightly ahead of official-release on CRAN). Then do:

   import iglu_py
   
   iglu_py.install_iglu(name = 'absolute/path/to/file', name_type = 'absolute')
   

3. Update Metrics, If Needed: You only need to edit the iglu-py source code in Case 2 & 3 below.

   • CASE 1: A metric in the new iglu-r version has different default parameters from the old iglu-r version

     • No change to iglu-py source code needed. Simply use the iglu-py function as normal, passing in the required parameters and any optional ones as well.

   • CASE 2: A metric in the new iglu-r version has different non-default/required parameters

     • Add the parameters to the function definition in package-path/iglu_py/metrics.py
     • Then, in the package-path directory, run in the terminal

     cd directory/to/package-path/
     pip uninstall iglu_py
     pip install . 
     

   • CASE 3: The new iglu-r version has a metric not in previous iglu version:

     1. add the metric to the package-path/iglu_py/metrics.py file following the examples already there (note: don't add "default parameters" to the function definition - instead, use **kwargs in Python to prevent overriding those defaults specified in the R package)
     2. import the metric into the package-path/iglu_py/__init__.py file

Functionality

iglu-py allows most functionality in iglu-r including all metrics, data processing functions, and an interactive GUI.

However, plotting programmatically is unavailable. Please use the Shiny app to generate and download plots in iglu-py or the original iglu R package. (There is no plan to support plotting programmatically in iglu-py due to the complexity of the task.)

See the tables below to understand what is accessible in iglu-py vs. iglu-r.

Feature	Python	R	Comment
Interactive GUI	iglu.iglu_shiny()	iglu::iglu_shiny()
All Plots	❌	✅
Example Data	iglu.example_data_X_subject iglu.example_meals_hall iglu.example_data_hall	iglu::example_data_X_subject iglu::example_meals_hall iglu::example_data_hall	X=1,5

Metrics	Python	R	Comment
CGMS2DayByDay	iglu.CGMS2DayByDay()	iglu::CGMS2DayByDay()
Above %	iglu.above_percent()	iglu::above_percent()
Active %	iglu.active_percent()	iglu::active_percent()
ADRR	iglu.adrr()	iglu::adrr()
AGP	❌	iglu::agp()	Is a plot
AGP Metrics	iglu.agp_metrics()	iglu::agp_metrics()
All Metrics	iglu.all_metrics()	iglu::all_metrics
AUC	iglu.auc()	iglu::auc()
Below %	iglu.below_percent()	iglu::below_percent()
Calculate Sleep Wake	❌	iglu::calculate_sleep_wake()	Is a plot
COGI	iglu.cogi()	iglu::cogi()
CONGA	iglu.conga()	iglu::conga()
Coefficient of Variation (CV)	iglu.cv_glu()	iglu::cv_glu()
Coefficient of Variation subtypes	iglu.cv_measures()	iglu::cv_measures()
eA1C	iglu.ea1c()	iglu::ea1c()
Episode Calculation Profile	❌	iglu::epicalc_profile()	Is a plot
Episode Calculation	iglu.episode_calculation()	iglu::episode_calculation()
GMI	iglu.gmi()	iglu::gmi()
GRADE	iglu.grade()	iglu::grade()
Grade Eugly	iglu.grade_eugly()	iglu::grade_eugly()
Grade Hyper	iglu.grade_hyper()	iglu::grade_hyper()
Grade Hypo	iglu.grade_hypo()	iglu::grade_hypo()
GRI	iglu.gri()	iglu::gri()
GVP	iglu.gvp()	iglu::gvp()
HBGI	iglu.hbgi()	iglu::hbgi()
Hist_roc	❌	iglu::hist_roc()	Is a plot
Hyperglucemia Index	iglu.hyper_index()	iglu::hyper_index()
Hypoglycemia Index	iglu.hypo_index()	iglu::hypo_index()
Index of Glycemic Control	iglu.igc()	iglu::igc()
% in target range	iglu.in_range_percent()	iglu::in_range_percent()
IQR	iglu.iqr_glu()	iglu::iqr_glu()
J-Index	iglu.j_index()	iglu::j_index()
LBGI	iglu.lbgi()	iglu::lbgi()
M-Value	iglu.m_value()	iglu::m_value()
MAD	iglu.mad_glu()	iglu::mad_glu()
MAG	iglu.mag()	iglu::mag()
MAGE	iglu.mage()	iglu::mage()
Meal Metrics	❌	iglu::meal_metrics()
Mean	iglu.mean_glu()	iglu::mean_glu()
Median	iglu.median_glu()	iglu::median_glu()
Metrics Heatmap	❌	iglu::metrics_heatmap()
MODD	iglu.modd()	iglu::modd()
PGS	iglu.pgs()	iglu::pgs()
Process Data	iglu.process_data()	iglu::process_data()
Quantile	iglu.quantile_glu()	iglu::quantile_glu()
Range	iglu.range_glu()	iglu::range_glu()
Read Raw Data	iglu.read_raw_data()	iglu::read_raw_data()
ROC	iglu.roc()	iglu::roc()
SD	iglu.sd_glu()	iglu::sd_glu()
SD Measures	iglu.sd_measures()	iglu::sd_measures()
SD ROC	iglu.sd_roc()	iglu::sd_glu()
Summary	iglu.summary_glu()	iglu::summary_glu()

License Agreements

1. By using this package, you agree to the license agreement of the R version of iglu, which is GPL-2.

2. By using the data included in this package, you consent to the following User Agreement.

Use of the T1D Exchange publicly-available data requires that you include the following attribution and disclaimer in any publication, presentation or communication resulting from use of these data:

The source of the data is the T1D Exchange, but the analyses, content and conclusions presented herein are solely the responsibility of the authors and have not been reviewed or approved by the T1D Exchange.

In addition, the T1D Exchange should be notified via email (publicdatasetuse@t1dexchange.org) when a manuscript (send title) or abstract (send title and name of meeting) reports T1D Exchange data or analyses of the data. Please provide notification at the time of submission and again at time of acceptance.